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  • 刘毅10000词汇学习笔记

    时间:2020-09-29 20:19:43 来源:蒲公英阅读网 本文已影响 蒲公英阅读网手机站

    相关热词搜索:学习笔记 词汇 刘毅

     毅 刘毅 10000 词汇学习笔记 lesson 1 (1 )

     1.abdomen:part of the body below the chest and diaphragm, containing the stomach. 腹部 Abdominal (adj) 腹部的 an abdominal operation 腹部手术 belly:(口)front of the human body from the waist to the groin;belly 肚子,胃 with an empty belly 空着肚子 in the belly of a ship 在船腹里 belly out(动词用法):鼓涨,凸出 The wind bellied out the sails

     2.bereave:使某人丧失(尤指亲属)

     bereave sb of sb an accident which bereaved him of his wife 使他丧失妻子的事故 the bereaved husband 死了妻子的男人 the bereaved 丧失亲人的人 bereavement(n):丧亲之痛,丧失亲人 deprive:take sth away from sb; prevent sb from enjoying or using sth 剥夺 sb/sth的 sth;阻止某人享有或使用 sth deprive sb/sth of sth deprive of one"s civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权 deprivation(n):剥夺;贫困;被剥夺的事物 widespread deprivation 普遍贫困 Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错失假日是极大的损失。

     deprived(adj):贫困的,穷苦的 deprived childhood 贫苦的童年

     3. consecrate:devote sth/sb to or reserve sth/sb for a special (esp religious) purpose 把 sth/sb 献给 sth/sb 做某种(尤其宗教)用途 consecrate sth/sb to sth consecrate one"s life to the service of God, to the relief of suffering 献身于为神服务(解除世人痛苦)的事业 devote:give one"s time, energy to sth/sb; dedicate 为某人付出,向某人奉献,献身于 devote oneself/sth to sb/sth devoted(adj):热爱的,非常忠实的,全心全意的 a devoted son 孝子 She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。

     devotee(n):献身于某事物的人,热心者,某事物的迷恋者;某一宗派的拥护者 a devotee of sport devotion(n):

     devotion to sth/sb 深爱,忠心,忠诚

     4.evoke:bring to mind(a feeling, memory) 引起或唤起情感,记忆 produce or cause(a response ,reaction) 产生或引起(回应,反应)

     evocation(n):

     invoke:use as a reason for one"s action 援用(sth)为行动依据或理由 beg for sth by praying 以祷告祈求某事物 The government has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having the book banned.政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书。

     invocation(n): invocation to sb 求助于神或法律

      5. groove:沟,槽,纹 习语:get into a groove 养成某种生活习惯 furrow:犁沟,垄沟 (v)(尤用被动语态)犁,使起皱纹 newly furrowed fields 刚犁过的田地 6. jolt:(使某人某物)颠簸着移动 The old bus jolted along 旧公共汽车颠簸而行 jolt sb into/out of sth:使某人受到震惊而采取某种行动 He was jolted out of his lethargy and into action when he realized he had only a short time to finish the article.他意识到须在很短的时间里就得把文章写完,立即振作精神写起来。

     joggle:使某人/某物轻轻摇动

     7. obsolete:不再使用的,过时的 antiquated:(通常做贬义)过时的,废弃的

     8. prowl:小心的悄悄移动;悄悄行经(某处);~ about/around 徘徊 wild animals prowling in the forest 在森林里轻轻行走的野兽 I could hear him prowling around in his bedroom all night.我听到他整夜在卧室里踱来踱去。

     rove:漂泊,流浪,漫游 bands of hooligans roving round the streets 成群结伙在街上游荡的流氓 习语:have a roving eye 时刻寻找着调情或做风流事的机会

     9. scoop:用铲、勺挖 scoop sth out \up 铲出,挖出 shovel:用铲铲进 shovel sth into

     10.status:地位 身份 职位 situation:状况,处境,局面,形势 位置 situation comedy 情景喜剧

     11. sue 对某人提起诉讼,控告某人 sue sb for sth 控告某人要求 sth If you don"t complete the work, I will sue you for damages.如果你不把工作做完,我就要控告你支付赔偿。

     sue for sth (常用于法庭上)请求 sue for peace 请求和解 indict:(就某事)控告,起诉或告发某人 indict sb for sth He was indicted for murder.他被控杀人。

     刘毅 0 10000 词汇学习笔记

     lesson 1 (2 2)

     )

     1. bandit:

     member of a gang of armed robbers 土匪 强盗 banditry(n):盗匪行径 brigand:(旧)土匪,强盗(尤指在山林中抢劫旅客的)

      2. commemorate :keep a great person or event in people‘s memories 纪念(伟人,大事件等);指(雕像,纪念碑等)作为对某人某事的纪念 We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday。我们放假一天以庆祝国庆。

     This memorial commemorates those who died in the war。这座纪念碑是纪念战争中的牺牲者的。

     celebrate:mark (a happy or important day,event)with festivities and rejoicing 庆祝,祝贺 celebrated(adj):著名的,驰名的

     3. defile:(文或修辞)make sth dirty or impure 使某物肮脏或不纯 rivers defiled by pollution 受污染的河流 (特)

     march in single file or a narrow column 指部队单行或纵队前进 defilement(n):污损,弄脏 infect:(尤用于被动语态)使某人/某物传染,感染,污染某人/某物 infect sb/sth with The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria。实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染。

     infection(n):~ with sth 传染,感染 the infection of the body with bacteria 身体受细菌侵染。

     4. deviation:(~ from sth )

     not following the normal or expected course、plan 偏离正常或原定的路线,计划 ;偏差 deviation from the rules 违背规则 deviate(v):(~ from sth )偏离路线,标准;背离 deviationism(n):政治上的离经叛道 delegate:(~ sb to sth )挑选或委派某人作代表;挑选或委派某人执行;将(权利、职责)委托给下级,授权给; delegate sb to a conference 委托某人作代表出席会议 The new manager was delegated to reorganize the department。派这位新经理重新组织该部门。

     The job had to be delegated to an assistant。这项工作得交给助手去做。

     delegation(n):代表,委托

     5. fortitude:(在痛苦、危险或困难面前表现出的)勇气、坚韧和自制力 He bore the pain with great fortitude。他以极大得毅力忍受了痛苦。

     endurance:忍耐力 He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness。他生病得整个过程都表现出非凡的忍耐力。

     (特)endurance 作定语 endurance test 耐力测验 endurable(adj)可忍耐的,可容忍的 enduring(adj)持续的,持久的

     6. inconsolable:that cannot be comforted 不能安慰的,无法慰藉的

     The children were inconsolable when their father died。这些孩子因为丧父而悲伤不已。

     console sb on/for sth 安慰,慰问某人 Nothing could console him when his pet died。

     consolatory(adj):安慰的,慰问的 depress(v):make sb sad and without enthusiasm 使某人忧愁、消沉、沮丧;将某物压下,推下,拉下;(尤指贸易)不活跃,不景气 Wet weather always depresses me。我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒。

     depress a piano key 按下钢琴键 depress sales 使销售额下降 depressed(adj):忧愁的,沮丧的,消沉的 depressing(adj):令人忧愁的,使人沮丧的

     7. nibble:(~ at sth)小口咬某物,轻咬;对(好意,提议)谨慎的表示有意接受 fish nibbling (at)

     the bait 鱼轻咬鱼饵 He nibbled at my idea, but would not make a definite decision。他对我的想法颇感兴趣,但不做出决定。

     bite:(~ into sth)

     咬某人(某物)

     She bit into the apple。她咬了一口苹果。

     8. pageant:盛装的游行,露天演出的历史剧;壮丽的场面,伟观 pageantry(n):壮丽的展示,盛况 exhibition:展览,展览会 (习语)make an exhibition of oneself(贬)当中出丑,出洋相

     9. scourge:(用以打人的)鞭子;(比喻)引起灾害的事物或人 (v)鞭打 The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient。新老板来了以后,不称职的人就遭殃。

     disaster:灾难,灾祸;失败;(口语)彻底失败的人或事物 As a teacher, he is a disaster。他是个很糟糕的教师。

     disastrous(adj):灾难性的,造成灾害的,失败的

     10. tumble:使某人倒下或坠落(尤指身不由己或猛劲儿),但通常并无重伤 tumble down the stairs 从楼梯上摔下 fall:落下,跌落 fall down/over :倒下(尤指突然间),倒塌 fall away/off 向下倾斜 fall into sth 进入某种状态,变成

     刘毅 0 10000 词汇学习笔记

     lesson 1 (3 3)

     )

     1. afflict:(v 通常用于被动语态)使某人某物苦恼、疼痛或悲伤 ~ sb/sth with sth Severe drought has afflicted the countryside。严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。

     She is afflicted with(suffers from)arthritis。她患关节炎。

     affliction(n)疼痛,折磨,悲痛;造成痛苦的事物 help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人 distress:(通常用于被动语态)给某人某物带来痛苦,悲伤,苦难,贫困,困苦,危难等 (n)极大的痛苦,悲伤,苦难等(的缘由);贫困,困苦;危难,困境 Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress。马拉松比赛接近终点时,有些参赛者显出极难受的样子。

     Her death was a great distress to the family。她去世后全家人极为悲痛。

     A ship in distress 遇险的船 distressful(adj)

     distressing (adj)令人痛苦的,令人苦恼的

     2. censure:(v)严厉批评某人,正式责备某人 (n)strong criticism or condemnation 指责,谴责,斥责 Two MPs were censured by the speaker。有两个议员遭到议长的斥责。

     Pass a vote of censure on sb 通过对某人的不信任投票 blame:(v)责备,责怪,指责,归咎于 ~ sb for/on sth If you fail the exam you’ll only have yourself to blame。你若考试不及格,只能怪你自己。

     (谚)A bad workman blames his tools。拙匠埋怨工具差。

     (习)be to blame for sth 对某坏事应负责,应受责备。

     Which driver was to blame for the accident?

     3. dissimulate:(v)hide or disguise one’s thought or feelings;dissemble 隐藏,掩盖思想感情;假装 dissimulation(n)

     deceive:(v)~ sb/oneself into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事,使自己信以为真去做某事 We were deceived into believing that he could help us。我们被骗了,还以为他能帮助我们。

     deceiver(n)骗子 deception(n)欺骗, deception on the public 欺骗公众 deceptive(adj)可能欺骗的,导致误解的

     4. flog(v)重重责打某人(尤指用棍棒或鞭子);(口)卖给某人某物 ~ sth to sb flogging(n)打,鞭笞 spank(v)掴(尤指小孩)(尤指打屁股惩罚)

     spank a child’s bottom 掴小孩的屁股 (n)掴;掴在屁股上的第一巴掌

     5. inscribe:(v)在某物上写、题(诗句,名字等)(尤指做正式的永久性的记录)~ A on/in B ~ B with A inscription(n)题字,题名,铭文 caption(n)杂志,文章重的标题、题目;附于照片、插图上的说明文字;电影或电视上的字幕

     6. meddle(v)(贬)干预,干涉,管闲事 ~ in sth ;乱动、瞎动不应动的事情 ~ with

     sth Don’t meddle in my affairs。别管我的事。

     Who’s been meddling with my papers?谁乱翻了我的文件? meddlesome(adj)好干预,好管闲事的 meddler(n)干预者,爱管闲事的人,瞎摆弄的人 intervene(vi)指人干涉,调停,调解,斡旋 ~ in sth ~ between A and B;指时间进入,介入,在其间;(指事情发生)以阻碍(某事); intervene in a dispute 调解纷争 during the years that intervened 这期间的若干年 intervention(n)干涉,介入 interventionist(n)干涉主义者,主张干涉的人

     7. postuer:(n)姿势,姿态;举止;看法,态度 (v)以不自然的、装模作样的方式站着,坐着等;摆模特的姿势 Stop posturing in front of that mirror。别在镜子前摆姿势了。

     attitude(n)看法,态度

     8. rummage(vi、n)翻找或搜寻某物 ~ among/in/through sth for sth ~ about/around ransack(vt)彻底搜寻 ~ sth for sth

     9. spout(v)指液体喷出,涌出 ~ out of/from water spouting from a broken water-pipe 从破裂的水管中喷出的水 pour(v)指液体不断流动(尤指从上而下)

     Blood was pouring from the wound。血从伤口中涌出。

     10. traverse(vt)走过,横贯或穿越某地区 skies traversing the slopes 穿过斜坡的滑雪者 (n)(一结构中的)穿越一物体的部件;横梁;横臂;(尤指爬山时的)侧向运动 intersect(vt)(尤用于被动语态)横断,横切;(指线条、道路)相交,交叉 ~ sth with sth The lines AB and CD intersect at E。直线 AB 与直线 CD 相交于点 E。

     11. wistful(adj)发愁的,渴望的(尤指过去的或不可得到的东西)

     wistful eyes 露出渴求目光的眼睛 yearning(n)渴望,热望 ~ for sb/sth yearningly(adv)渴望地

     刘毅词汇 10000 学习笔记 lesson 1 (4 4)

     )

     1. amicable:(adj)友好的,无敌意的 An amicable settlement was reached。已达成和解。

     amicability(n)

     amiable:(adj)友好的,和蔼可亲的,好脾气的 an amiable character 温柔的性格

      2. blizzard:severe snowstorm 暴风雪 snowstorm:heavy fall of snow,esp with a strong wind 暴风雪,雪暴

     3. cruise:(v)(航船)巡游,巡航;以中等速度行驶 ~ about a destroyer cruising about in the sea 在海上游弋的驱除舰 Taxis cruised about,hoping to pick up late fares 出租车以中等速度转来转去,希望能招徕到晚归的顾客。

     voyage:(v)航行,航海 voyaging across the Indian Ocean 作穿越印度洋的航行

     4. eradicate:(v)根除,消灭某事物,结束某事物 Smallpox has almost been eradicated 天花几乎已消灭。

     extirpate:(v)根除或铲除 extirpate social evils 根除社会弊病

     5. glimmer:(v)发出微弱的闪光; (n)微弱的闪光 glimmering(n)微光,迹象 We began to see a glimmering of a solution to the problem 我们开始看到问题可望解决的迹象。

     gleam:(n)闪光,通常指反光 gleam in sb’s eyes 酝酿中的意念,令人向往的人和事物

     6. lump:(v)

     ~ sb/sth together 将人或物归并在一起考虑,将人或物同等分类或对待 We have lumped all the advanced students in the single class。我们把程度高的学生都编在一个班里。

     lumpish(adj)指人粗大的,笨拙的,愚蠢的 block:(v)阻碍,堵塞 ~ sth up

     7. ransack:(v)彻底搜索某处 ~ sth for sth ;抢劫,掠夺 ransack the house for those papers 满屋子寻找那些文件 rummage:(v)翻找,搜寻 ~ among/in/through sth for sth

     8. slash:(v)用剑、刀砍 ~ at sth(with sth). gash:(v)割一道伤口 ~ sth on sth gash one’s arm on a piece of broken glass 胳膊被玻璃碎片划了一个大口子

     9. slump:(v)沉重的落下或倒下 (n)商业萧条期,不景气 Tired from her walk she slumped down onto the sofa。她走累了,一屁股坐到沙发上。

     depress:(v)使某人忧愁,消沉,沮丧

     10. vogue:(n)流行的或盛行的式样 ~ for sth

     a new vogue for low-heeled shoes 低跟鞋新潮流 fashion:(n)样子,式样;时尚,风气 dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时的

     刘毅词汇学习笔记 lesson 1 (5 5)

     )

     1. ascribe(v)

     ~ sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人造成或写成;归功于、归咎于某人(某事物)

     He ascribed his failure to bad luck。他把失败归咎于运气不好。

     This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare。这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作。

     ascribable(adj)(作表语)~ to sb/sth 可归于某人某事物的 His success is ascribable simply to hard work。

     他的成功是由于勤奋。

     attribute(v)~ sth to sb/sth 认为某事物是属于某人的,由某人引起的 He attributes his success to hard work and a bit of luck。他认为他的成功是勤奋加上一点运气得来的。

     (n)属性,特质,性质 Her greatest attribute was her kindness。她最大的特点是为人厚道。

     attributable(adj)(作表语)可归属于或归因于某事物的

     2. bulwark(n)壁垒(尤指泥土堆砌者),防御工事;(比喻)支持,防御或保护的人和事物 Democracy is a bulwark of freedom。民主是自由的保障。

     safeguard(n)

     ~ against sb/sth 安全措施,保护性措施 We will introduce legal safeguard against fraud。我们为制止诈骗活动要采取法律保护措施。

     3. dubious(adj)

     ~ about sth/doing sth (尤作表语)半信半疑,可疑;(贬)名声不大好的,不可靠的; 结果未定的,不能确定的; I remain dubious about his motives。我对他的动机心存疑虑。

     doubtful(adj)(通常作表语)(指人)感到可疑,不能相信;令人生疑的,不肯定的 The weather looks rather doubtful。天气看起来靠不住。

     4.

     facet(n)宝石或首饰的小平面,刻面;事情或问题的方面 There are many facets to this question。这个问题有很多方面。

     aspect(n)方面;(尤指人)的样子,容貌,神态

     5. heed(v)注意或听从劝告 heed a warning 注意一项警告 (习语)take heed of sth 听从 Take heed of your doctor’s advice 听从医生的劝告 attention(n)注意,专心 attentive(adj)注意的,留心的,警惕的

     6. huddle(v)(尤用于被动语态)使某事物聚集在一起 We all huddled around the radio to hear the news。我们围坐在收音机旁听新闻广播。

     gather(v)聚集,集合;收集,收拢(分散的东西)

     ~ sth together/up

     7. mumble(v)含糊的说某事,唧咕 ~ about sth ~ sth to sb What are you mumbling about?你在唧咕说些什么 murmur(v)发出连续而低沉的声音 The wind murmured in the trees 风在林中低鸣。

     8. relic(n)[/color]遗物,遗迹,遗风,遗俗 reminder(n)帮助记忆或起提醒作用的东西

     9. smog(n)雾和烟的混合物,烟雾 fume(n)(通常作复数)(气味强烈的)烟,气,汽

     10. wayfarer(n)行路的人(尤指徒步的)

     traveler(n)常出远门的人,旅行者

     11. wont(n)(文或修辞)习俗,习惯 habit(n)习惯,习性,脾性

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 2 (1 1)

     )

     1. absolve(vt)

     ~ sb from/of sth 开脱某人(的罪责),宣布免除某人(所受的责难)

     The court absolved the accused man。法官判决被告无罪。

     ★ exonerate(vt)(尤用于被动语态)宣布某人无罪过 ~ sb from sth He was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident。已确定他无须对事务负任何责任。

     2. bias(n)偏见,成见,偏心。

     He is without bias。他没有偏见 ★ prejudice(n)偏见,成见

     3. contend(vi)

     ~ with/against sb/sth ~ for sth 与竞争对手争夺,与谈人争夺 Several teams are contending for the prize。有几个队在争夺锦标。

     ★ compete(vi)

     ~ against/with sb/in sth/for sth 竞争、对抗、比赛 a house that has competed in the Grand National four times。参加过 4 次“英国大赛马”的马

     4. deplore(vt)被某事物震惊或触犯;谴责 She deplored his actions。她谴责他令人愤慨的行为 ◎ deplorable(adj)应受谴责的 ★ lament(v)

     ~ for/over sb/sth 为某人(某事物)感到悲痛,哀悼 lament for a dead friend 哀悼亡友

     5. fracture(n)折断,断裂,破裂,(尤指骨折)

     a fracture of leg 腿部骨折 ★ shatter(vi)使某物突然而剧烈的裂成碎片,粉碎 The pot shattered as it hit the floor。罐子掉在地板上摔割粉碎。

     6. magnitude(n)(通常指大的)量,大小;重要,重要性,重要程度 The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening。这种流行病传播范围之广令人惊惶不安。

     ★ bulk(n)体积,数量,容量

     7. pith(n)(木)髄,某些植物茎中的海绵组织 (喻)the pith of sth 最重要的部分,精髓 ★ essence(n)本质,精髓,要素 She was the essence of kindness。她本性善良。

     8. relish(n)

     ~ for sth (美食等的)享受,滋味;美味,乐趣;兴趣,吸引力,感染力 She savoured the joke with relish。她对这个笑话很感兴趣。

     ★ zest(n)

     ~ for sth 极大的快乐或兴奋;热情,兴趣 He entered into our plans with terrific zest。他满腔热情的参加了我们的项目。

     9. sneak(v)

     ~ on sb to sb (贬,尤为儿童用语)告状,打小报告 She sneaked on her best friend to the teacher。她向老师告了她最好的朋友一状 ★ lurk(v)埋伏,潜伏;隐藏,隐匿 He‘s usually lurking near the bar 他通常出没在酒吧附近。

     10. tidings(n)(古或谑)消息,音信 Have you heard the good tidings?你听到那个好消息了么? ★ information(n)信息,消息

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 2 (2 2)

     )

     1. aghast(adj)(尤作表语)

     ~ at sth 惊恐,惊奇 He stood aghast at the terrible sight。他被那可怕的景象吓呆了。

     ★ astonished(adj)(通常做表语)感到惊讶,吃惊 She looked astonished when she heard the news。她听到那消息时显得很吃惊。

     ◎ astonishing(adj)使人惊讶的,惊人的 I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the play。我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧目。

     There was an astonishing number of applicants of the job。申请这份工作的人数多的惊人。

     astonish(vt)使某人惊讶,吃惊,震惊 The news astonished everyone。这个消息使大家感到吃惊。

     astonishment(n)惊讶,惊奇

     2. cumber(v)阻碍,拖累 We could not cumber our thought with his reproaches。我们不会因为他的谴责而妨碍我们的想法。

     ★ hinder(vt)

     ~ sth/sb from sth/doing sth 阻碍,妨碍某人某事物的进展,阻挠或耽误某人某事物。

     Production was hindered by lack of materials。由于缺乏原料,生产陷入停顿。

     3. decree(v)发布(命令),颁布(法令)

     (n)命令,法令 The governor decreed a day of mourning。地方长官发布哀悼一日的命令。

     Fate decreed that they would not meet again。他们受命运的安排再也不能相会。

     ★ determine (v)确定某事物,决定;测定,找出(某未知事物),算出;决定做某事 ~ on/upon sth determine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期 determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什么事 ◎determined(adj)有决心的,意志坚定的

     4. frolic(vi)(pt、pp frolicked)

     ~ about 嬉戏 Children frolicked about in the swimming-pool。孩子们在游泳池里嬉戏。

     ★ frisk(vi)(指动物)欢快的跳跑 Lambs frisked about in the meadow。小羊在草地上蹦来蹦去。

     5. intercourse(n)

     ~ with sb ~ between sb and sb (与国家,人等的)交际,交往 ★ relation(n)关系,关联 ~ between A and B

     6. menace(n)威胁,恐吓;~ to sb/sth 进行威胁恐吓的人 These weapons are a menace to world peace。这些武器就是对世界和平的一种威胁。

     ★ intimidated(vt)

     ~ sb into sth/ into sth 恐吓、威胁某人做某事 intimidate a witness 恐吓目击证人。

     7. precipice(n)悬崖,峭壁 The country’s economy was on the edge of the precipice。该国的经济已处于崩溃边缘。

     ★ cliff(n)悬崖,峭壁(尤指在海边的)

     8. sanctuary(n)圣所,圣地(如教堂、庙宇或回教寺庙)

     ★ shrine(n)神圣的地方和处所,圣坛

     9. sprout(vi)

     ~ out/up from sth 长出来,出现,发芽,萌芽 new buds sprouting on the trees。树上长出的新芽 ★ grow(v)生长,长大

     10. tread(pt trod pp trodden)

     ~ on sth/sb 踩,行走,踏 She trod lightly so as to not to wake the baby。她走路很清,以免影响孩子。

     ★ trample(n)踩坏或踩伤某物 The campers had trampled the corn down。野蛮的人踩坏了庄稼

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 2 (3 3)

     )

     1. ammunition(n)supply of bullets bombs grenades 弹药;用于争论中的事实和论据 The had to meet the attack with very little ammunition。他们不得不以极少的弹药应战。

     ★ bullet(n)子弹 He was killed by a single bullet in the heart。他被射中心脏身亡。

     2. doting(adj)(做定语)溺爱的,偏爱的,宠爱的 a doting mother 宠爱孩子的母亲 ◎ dote(vi)

     ~ on sb/sth 喜爱、溺爱某人某事物 She dotes on her grandchildren。她十分钟爱她的孙儿女。grandchildren。她十分钟爱她的孙儿女。

     ★fond(adj)(做定语)慈爱的,深情的;(表语)

     ~ of sb/doing sth 喜爱某人,喜爱做某事 a fond look 申请的目光 ◎ fondly 亲爱的,温柔的 ◎ fondness(n)

     ~ for sb/sth 喜爱,深情 His fondness for his eldest grandchild。他对长孙的钟爱

     3. engross(vt)(通常用于被动)占去某人的全部时间或注意力,使全神贯注 an engrossing story 引人入胜的故事 ★ absorb(vt)吸收某事物,吸进;将某物某人合并,并吞;减轻(冲击、困难等的)作用或影响;完全吸引某人的注意力或兴趣 Buffers absorbed most of the shock。缓冲器使震动减少了许多。

     His business absorbs him。他专心致志的处理业务。

     ◎ absorbing(adj)十分吸引人的 ◎ absorbent(n)能吸收水分等的物质 ★ adsorb(vt)(常指固体)吸附气体或液体至其表面

     4. gush(vi)~ out from sth (突然大量的)流出,涌出,泻出; ~ over sb/sth (贬)滔滔不绝的说,过分热心的说 (n)(尤做单数)涌出 a gush of ★ flow(vi)指液体流动 His tears flow freely down her face。他眼泪止不住顺着脸颊往下流

     5. insuperable(adj)(指困难)不能克服的 ★ unconquerable(adj)(障碍)难以克服的,难以征服的

     6. ordeal(n)苦难经历;(尤指对品格、耐力的)严峻考验 The hostages went through a dreadful ordeal。每个人质都经历了可怕的折磨。

     ★ trial(n)审问、审讯、审理、审判;对能力、质量、性能能的测试,试验,考验;(不得不容忍的)讨厌的人或事物 Commit sb for trial 将某人拘禁候审 Put a car through safety trials。对汽车进行安全性能测验 Her child is a trial to his teachers。她的孩子让老师很伤脑筋 (词组)go on trial 或 stand trial for sth 受审判 She went on trial for murder。她因涉嫌谋杀罪而受审。

     (词组)on trial 在试验中,在测试中 Take the machine on trial for a week,把机器试验一星期 (词组)put sb on trial for sth 使某人被控告而受审 She was put on trial for fraud 她因诈骗罪而受审 (习语)trial and error 反复试验,从中找出失败的解决办法 learn by trial and error 通过反复试验学习

     7. pouch(v)使某物成为袋状;(n)(尤用于构成复合词)小袋(尤指皮制的)

     wear a dress pouched over a belt。穿着腰带上方蓬松的连衣裙 ★ sack(n)大口袋(用以存放或装运水泥、煤、面粉、马铃薯)

     ◎ sackful(n)一袋的量 two sackfuls of flour 两袋面粉

     8. screech(vi,vt)

     ~ (sth )(out)at sb 尖叫,尖声喊出;(n)尖利刺耳的声音 She screeched insults at us 她尖着嗓子骂我们。

     ★ shriek(vi)

     ~ with sth 尖声大叫,激动的尖叫

     9. stature(n)身高;(凭才能或成就而获得的)名望 ★ height(n)高度,身高

     10. undermine(v)在某物下挖洞或挖通道,从根基出损坏 Badgers had undermined the foundations of the church。獾在这座教堂的地基处打了洞。

     ★ erode(vt)(尤用于被动语态)(指酸、雨、风等)侵蚀或腐蚀 Metals are eroded by acids 金属能被酸腐蚀。

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 2 (4 4)

     )

     1. assess:(vt)确定,评定(某数额)

     ~ sth at sth;确定,评定(某事物)的价值,估价;估计、评定某事物的质量 ~ sth as sth assess the damage at ¥350 评定损害赔偿金为 350 元 have a house assessed by a valuer 由估价者给房子估价 I’d assess your chance as extremely low。我估计你成功的机会极微。

     ◎ assessment(n)确定,评定;评价,看法;核定的付款额 ◎ assessor(n)估价员,评税员 ★ appraise:(vt)assess the value or quality of sb/sth 评价,估价,鉴定 It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised。买房子不事先估价是不明智的。

     ◎ appraisal(n)评价,估价,鉴定

      2. chamber(n)(旧时)房间,尤指寝室;(动物体内或某些机器里封闭的)腔,室,洞穴;行政或立法机构(用的大厅)

     chamber concert 室内音乐会 ★ room(n)房间,室;(pl)一套房间(通常指租的),寓所;机会,范围,余地 ~ for sth There’s plenty of room for improvement in your work 你的工作还有很多改进的余地 ◎ roomful(a)一室所能容纳的数量,一屋子的 ◎ roomy(adj)宽敞的 (习语)There’s no room to swing a cat。这地方过于狭小。

     3.

     disdain(v)feeling that sb is not good enough 鄙视、轻视,蔑视 Treat other people’s idea with desdain。蔑视别人的意见 ★ despise(vt)

     ~ sb/sth for sth 鄙视、藐视、看不起 Strike-breakers are often despised by their workmates。破坏罢工的人常为同事所不齿

     4.

     espy(vt)(旧)看到某人某事物 Was it you I espied jogging in the park this morning?我今天早上看到有个人在公园里慢跑,是你么?

     5.

     gloss(n)平滑表面上的光泽或光亮;用以产生光泽的物质;(比喻)虚假的外表,虚饰 (v)~ over sth 简略的、浮皮潦草的或敷衍的处理某事(以求避开难堪)

     With this polish you can give a good high gloss to the wood。使用这种光蜡可以使木器表面非常平滑光亮 gloss paint 清漆 gloss over the awkward facts 掩饰令人尴尬的事实 ◎ glossy(adj)光滑的,光亮的 ★ sleek(adj)smooth and glossy 光滑而有光泽的;(贬)指人保养的很好的,脑满肠肥的;时髦的

     6. janitor(n)管门者 ★ doorman(n)看门人

     7. packet(n)(美式英语常作 package)包装商品的小盒、小袋 ★ parcel(n)指包起来(常指用牛皮纸)邮寄的物品

     8. pulpit(n)(教堂里的)小型讲坛 ★ lectern(n)(台面倾斜用于放讲稿的)讲台,(教堂用的)读经台

     9. scorch(vt)将物品表面烫焦、烫糊、烫的变色 The meet will scorch if you don’t lower the gas 如果你不把煤气关小点肉就糊了。

     ★ singe(vi)烧焦,烧糊

     10. surge(v)波浪起伏,汹涌 The crowd surged into the stadium。观众涌入体育场。

     ★ rise(v)上升,达到

     11. utensil(n)器皿、用具(尤指家庭日用的)

     ★ implement(n)工具,器具;(v)使事物生效、履行、实施

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 2 (5 5)

     )

     1. bayonet(n)枪刺,刺刀

     ★ dagger(n)短剑、匕首 (习语)at daggers drawn with sb 与某人剑拔弩张

      look daggers at sb 对某人怒目而视

     2. compassion(n)

     ~ for sb 同情,怜悯

     The plight of the refugees arouses our compassion。难民的困苦引起我们的同情 ◎ compassionate(adj)表示怜悯的,有同情心的 ★ sympathy(n)

     ~ for/towards sb 同情,同情心;(pl)慰问,(感情上的)支持,赞同

     Out of sympathy for the homeless children,he gave them shelter for the night。他怀着恻隐之心留那些无家可归的孩子过夜。

     You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your wife。对于令夫人的去世,谨向您表示最深切的慰问。

     3. detain(vt)阻止某人离开或做某事;耽搁,延误

     She was detained in the office by unexpected callers。有些临时访客把她耽搁到办公室里了。

     ◎ detainee(n)被拘留者

     ★ retard(vt)使某物放缓或延迟;阻止某人某事物的进步和发展

     retard the spark of an engine 使点火延迟

     Lack of sun retards plant growth。光照不足则植物生长缓慢 ◎ retarded(adj)身体或(尤指)精神发育迟缓的,智力迟钝的

     4. faction(n)(贬)组织上的小派别,派系(尤指政治上)

     rival factions within the party 党内的对立派别

     ★ clique(n)小集团,派系、朋党

     The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals。这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持着

     5. hue(n)颜色,色彩,色调,色度

      Add orange paint to get a warmer hue。

     ★ color(色彩,颜色)

     6. luster(n)(光滑表面的)柔和光泽、光彩;光荣,出色

      Brave deeds adding luster ot one’s name。使自己扬名增光的英勇业绩。

     ★ shimmer (vi)发闪烁的微光

     The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun 路面在列日的热气中发出闪烁的微光。

     7. persevere(vi)

     ~ at/in/with sth

      ~ with sb (褒)坚持做某事(尤指不畏困难)

     You’ll need to persevere if you want the business to succeed。要想事业成功,就要持之以恒 ◎ perseverance(n)坚持不懈,持之以恒

     ★ persist(vi)

     ~ in sth 坚持,执意 He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle。他执意要骑那辆破自行车。

     8. rave(vi)

     ~ at/against/about sb 胡言乱语,说胡话,说疯话 The patient began to rave incoherently at the nurse。病人对护士说起胡话来。

     ★ effervesce(vi)(指液体)释放出气泡,咝咝起泡了

     9. slay(slew,slain)杀,残杀(尤指敌人)

     soldiers slain in battle 在战斗中被杀害的士兵

     ★ kill(vt)致死,杀死,扼杀;使某事物失败,遭拒绝

     The guard was killed with a high-powered rifle。那士兵被杀伤力大的火枪击毙了。

     10. tablet(n)药片,药丸;(肥皂等的)块

     Take two of

     the tablets three times daily after meal。每日三次,每次两片,饭后服用

     ★ pill(n)药丸

      He has to take six pills a day until the recovers 他每天要福6 粒药丸直到痊愈。

     11. voluptuous(adj)给人奢华或感官享受的 the voluptuous enjoyment of a hot bath

     热水浴的舒适享受

     ★ sensuous(adj)刺激感官的,感觉官能的

      the sensuous appeal of her painting 她的画使人赏心悦目。

      刘毅词汇 10000 学习笔记 lesson 3(1)

     1. access(n)

     ~ to sth

     means of approaching or entering (进入或接近某地的)方法,通路

      The village is easy of access。到那个村子的路很容易走。

      The only access to the farmhouse is across the field。要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。

      ~ to sth/sb (使用某物或接近某人的)机会,权利

      Students must have access to a good library。学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。

     ◎ accessible(adj)

     ~ to sb 可接近的,可进入的,可使用的 ★ approach(v)(在时间或空间上)接近或靠近某人某事物

     The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house。我们要想一想买新房子的事情了,时机即将来临。

     As you approach the town the first building you see is the church。接近那座城镇时,首先看到的就是教堂。

     (vt)(在性质或特点上)接近某人某事物

     Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare’s greatness。莎士比亚的伟大,鲜有作家能望其项背。

     (vt)begin to tackle 着手处理(事务、难题等)

     Before trying to solve the puzzle,let us consider the best way to approach it。想要解决这一难题,咱们先来考虑一下如何着手为上策。

     (n)接近 At her approach,the children ran off。她走近的时候,孩子们全跑开了 (n)性质或特点相似的事物 That’s the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes。那已算他作出的最近乎微笑的表示了。

     (n)道路,通路;手段,方法 ◎ approachable(adj)(指人或物)可接近的

     2. beckon(v)(以手、臂、头部的动作)召唤某人(通常使之走近或跟随自己)

     ~ to sb to do sth City life beckons many a country boy。都市生活吸引着许多乡村子弟

     ~ sb in, on, over, etc

     示意某人按指定的方向行动 The girl standing at the mouth of the cave beckoned him in。站在洞口的一个女孩摆手叫他进去。

     ★ signal(v)(不用于被动)

     ~ to sb/sth for sth 发信号传达(某信息),用信号与某人通讯

     signaling wildly with one’s arms 奋力挥臂打信号

     3. concur(vi)~ with sb in sth 同意,表示意见一致 She expressed her opposition to the plan,and I fully concur with her in this matter。她对计划表示反对,在这一问题上我完全同意她的看法。

      (vi)(指事情等)同时发生 Everything concurred to produce a successful result。所有的事都同时发生而产生了一个圆满的结局。

     ★ agree(vi)~ to sth 同意,答应

     ~ with 同意,与某人意见一致

     4. denounce(vt)

     ~ sb to sb as sth (向当局)告发某人

     An informer denounced him to the police as a terrorist。检

     举人已向警方告发他是恐怖分子。

     (vt)谴责,指责,斥责

     Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement。工会负责人谴责这一行动破坏了协议。

     ★ accuse(vt)~ sb of sth 指责某人有错,犯罪或犯法;指控,控告,谴责 accuse sb of cheating

     谴责某人欺诈 ◎ accusatory(adj)指责的,谴责的,控告的

     accusatory remarks,glances 谴责的言语、目光

     5. fray(n)the fray(修辞或谑)打斗,争吵 (vt)使某物磨损(致使线、纤维或丝松弛)

     Constant rubbing will fray even the thickest rope。再粗的绳子也禁不住总磨 ★ shred(n)(尤做复数)(撕下、切下、刮下)的细条、碎片 The jacket was torn to shreds by the barbed wire。那件夹克让铁丝网给挂碎了。

     (v)将某物撕成碎条或切成碎片 shredding top-secret documents 用碎纸机把绝密文件切成碎片 ◎ shredder(n)切碎机,碎纸机

     6. hamper(vt)prevent the movement or activity;hinder sb/sth 束缚某人;妨碍某人某事物

     Our progress was hampered by the bad weather。我们前进时受到了恶劣天气的阻碍。

     ★ hinder(vt)

     ~ sb/sth from doing sth

      prevent the progress

     obstruct or delay sb 阻碍、妨碍某事物的进展,阻挠或耽误某人

     Production was hindered by lack of materials。由于缺乏原料,生产陷入停顿。

     7. malady(n)(文,通常做比喻)疾病,病

     Violent crime is only one of the maladies afflicting modern society。暴力犯罪仅危害现代社会的弊病之一。

     ★ ailment(n)小病

     He’s prone to minor ailments。他动不动就生点小病。

     8. plod(vi)

     ~ along/on 迈着沉重的脚步行走;艰难的行走;缓慢的进行某工作

      We plodded on through the rain for several hours。

     我们在雨中跋涉了几个小时。

     ~ away 持续并缓慢(艰难的)工作 He plodded away all night at the accounts but didn’t finish them in time。他彻夜不眠的清理账目,却未能按时完成。

     ★ trudge(vi)(因疲惫,走长路)缓慢而吃力的走 He trudged 20 miles。

     他吃力的走了 20 英里。

     9. remnant(n)(常做复数)事物或人剩余的小部分,余下的数量;遗留的痕迹 the remnants of a shattered army 被击溃的军队残余部分 remnants of one’s former glory 自己过去的光荣见证 ★ residue(n)(通常做单数)剩余物,残余

     10. snore(vi)打鼾,打呼噜 snoring noisily with his mouth open 张着嘴大声打鼾 ★ wheeze(vi)呼吸时有声响(指由胸部发出的哨声,如因哮喘、支气管炎)

     11. tinge(vt)(尤用于被动语态)

     ~ sth with sth 使某物稍染颜色;使某物略受影响 admiring tinged with envy 稍含妒忌的赞美 ★ tincture(n)

     ~ of sth (事物或性质的)些微迹象或特色 a tincture of heresy 稍有异端意味

     刘毅词汇 0 10000 学习笔记

     lesson 3 (2 2)

     )

     1. bicker(vi)

     ~ with sb over/about sth (为小事)争吵 The children are always bickering over their toys 孩子们常常为了玩具争吵 ★ wrangle(vi,n)

     ~ with sb about/over sth

     与某人为某事争吵或争辩 They were involved in a long legal wrangle with the company over payment。他们与那家公司在付款问题上陷入长期的法律纠纷中。

     2. contrive(vt)plan cleverly or deceitfully;invent;design 谋划或策划某事,发明,设计

      (vt)想尽办法做某事

      contrive to live on a small income 靠微薄收入精打细算过日子 ◎ contrived(adj)(贬)人为的,策划的,虚假的,非自发的

      a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspaper 企图蒙蔽报界的人为事件。

     ★ hatch(vi)~ out (指小鸟、小鱼)从卵里孵出 The hen hatches out her young by sitting on the eggs

     母鸡伏在蛋上孵小鸡。

      (vt)

     ~ sth out/up 策划(阴谋),拟定(计划)

     What mischief are those children hatching up?那些孩子在琢磨什么鬼花样?

     3. dazzle(vt)(通常用于被动语态)(因强光、闪烁等)使某人目眩,眼花缭乱 I was dazzled by his headlights。

     他的车头灯照的我目眩。

     (vt)使某人赞许,称奇 He was dazzled by her beauty and wit 她的聪明美貌使他为之神魂颠倒。

     ★ glare(n)耀眼的光;怒视,恶狠狠的注视

     (习)in the glare of publicity 经常在报纸电视上的,受公众瞩目

     (vi)

     ~ at sb/sth 怒视,恶狠狠的盯视

     He didn’t shout and swear,but just glared sliently at me。他不喊不骂,只是默默怒视着我。

     ◎

     glaring(adj)令人目眩的,耀眼的;生气的,凶狠的

     4. fumble(vt)(笨拙的或紧张的)摸索或处理某事物 He fumbled the ball and then dropped it。他笨手笨脚的漏接了球。

     (vi)

     ~ at/for/with sth 笨手笨脚的寻找某物 She fumbled with her notes and began to speak 她手忙脚乱的翻出讲稿,然后开始讲话 ★ grope(vi)

     ~ about for/after sth 摸索,探索 a tricky question which groping him for an answer。迫使他搜寻答案的棘手问题

     5. impair(vt)削弱或损害某事物 Today’s attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area。今日发动的攻击严重损害了在该地区谋求和平的努力。

     ★ damage(n)

     ~ to sth 损失,损害,损毁; (复数)损害赔偿金

     (v)

     损害,损坏

      damage relations between two countries 损害两国的关系

     6. mortify(vt)(通常用于被动语态)使某人深感羞辱或难堪

      He felt mortified 他深感难堪 ◎ mortifying(adj)使人丢脸的 ◎ mortification(n)难堪 ★ humiliate(vt)使某人感到羞耻或不光彩,使丧失尊严或自尊

      He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks 他听到她那些嘲讽的话而感到屈辱。

     ◎ humiliation(n)受辱

     7. predominant(adj)有势力的,占优势的 Which country is the predominant member of the alliance?哪个国家在联盟中居于支配地位? (adj)极其显著的,盛行的

     Her predominant character is honesty。

     她最为突出的优点是诚实。

     ★ outstanding(adj)杰出的,优秀的, (adj)(通常做定语)地位显著的,为人瞩目的

     The outstanding features of the landscape。景色的显著特点。

     8. sanitary(adj)清洁的,卫生的,保健的 Conditions in the kitchen was not very sanitary。厨房环境不太卫生 ★ hygienic(adj)卫生的,清洁的 hygienic conditions 卫生的环境 ◎ hygiene(n)卫生学

     9. wallet(n)钱...

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