冠词及其用法讲解

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　 冠词及用法讲解

　冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。

　一、不定冠词的基本用法

　不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前，其中 a 用于以辅音音素（辅音音素 素 4 24 个

　/p/ 、 /b/ 、 /t/ 、 /d/ 、 /m/ 、 /l/ 、 /r/ 等, , 不是辅音字母）开始的词前。而 an 是用于以元音音素（元音音素 0 20 个 /i:/ 、/i/ 、 /e/ 、 /au/ 等 , 不是元音字母 a a ，e e ，i i ，o o ，u u ）开始的词前。如：a university，a useful tool，a computer，an orange，an hour，an 800-meter bridge， 二．用法

　典型例句

　 1、 与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。

　--I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.--You shouldn"t put drinks near a computer. （2006 年北京卷）

　2 2 、泛指某人或某物，

　表示“某一个”，相当于

　a certain 。

　--Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? （2006 年全国 I 卷）

　 --Sorry, wrong number. There isn"t a Mr. Smith here.

　3 3 、用于数量、时间等名词前，表示“每一（单位）的……”相当于

　per 。

　I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. （2003 年上海卷)

　4 4 、用于固定词组中。

　a knowledge of ，have a gift for，give sb. a ride，a couple of，have a good time，keep a diary，in a hurry，once in a while，at a loss，tell a lie，do sb. a favor。

　三 、定冠词的基本用法

　1 1 、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所 所修饰。

　Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father"s advice was the most important one.（2006 年辽宁卷）

　2 2 、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。

　Don"t worry if you can"t come to the party. I"ll save some cake for you. （2006 年浙江卷）

　3 3 、复述上文中提到的事物。

　There is a shelf in my father"s room. The shelf is new.

　4 4 、用于单数可数名词之前，表示该类事物，相当于

　a a 。

　When you come here for your holiday next time, don"t go to

　 the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. （2004 年全国 I卷）

　5 5 、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词

　the 。

　The cakes are delicious. He"d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. （2002 年上海春季卷）

　I want to chat with the taller of the two men.

　6 6 、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。

　Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. （2000 年北京春季卷）

　play the piano, play the violin

　7 7 、用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

　the Smiths

　8 8。

　、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。

　the sun，the moon，the earth，the world。

　9 9 、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。

　According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.（2006 年全国 II 卷 ）

　After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. （2005 年安徽卷）

　10 、在某些形容词之前，可表示某一类人。

　the rich，the poor，the old，the wounded，the living，the dead。

　四 、不用冠词( ( 零冠词) ) 情况：

　 1 1 、人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。

　Wang Fu Jing Street，Pei Hai Park 北海公园，Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。

　2 2 、抽象名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。

　When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understandingof life. （2004 年辽宁卷）

　3 3 、物质名词表示一般概念时，一般不用冠词。

　The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.（2001 年全国卷）

　4 4 、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前，常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时，加

　the 。

　 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president，monitor，headmaster，mayor 等。

　5 5 、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前，不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用 the 。

　Children"s Day，Women"s Day，May Day the Spring Festival。

　6 6 、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前，不用冠词。

　play basketball，play chess。

　7 7 、 man 作“人类”讲时，同

　human ， mankind 一样不用冠词。

　While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man"s understanding of color. （2004 年广东卷）

　8 8 、 by 与表示“通信、交通”的词连用，表示通信, , 交通手段时，不用

　 冠词。

　If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. （2005 年全国 III卷）

　9 9 、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。

　 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. （2005年北京卷）

　10 、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义，不加冠词，常作状语。

　 His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public. （ 2001 年 上 海 卷 ）

　in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort，in love with，under pressure，beyond expression 等。

　典例精析：

　1. _______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch. （2007 年山东卷）

　A. A； a B. The； 不填 C. The； a D. A； 不填 解析：the walk 是指大家心中都明白的 walk ，因此用定冠词特指；a packed lunch 是泛指，指一份盒饭。答案：C。

　2. --Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?

　--Sorry, we don"t have _______ Johnson here in the village. （2007 年全国 II 卷）

　 A. the； the B. the； a C 不填； the D. the； 不填

　 解析：“the +复数姓氏”表示“夫妇”或“全家”。在人的姓前加 a ，表示“某个姓……的人”。所以选 B 。

　3. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. （2007 年北京卷）

　A. the； a B. the； the C. 不填；the D. the； 不填 解析：bed 特指说话的双方心目中的那张床，要用定冠词 the 。book 后接定语从句，特指上周丢失的那本书，要用定冠词 the 。所以选 B 。

　4. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn"t get _____ride to the station. （2007 年天津卷）

　A. an； the B./； the C. an； / D. the； a 解析：early train 特指早班火车，要用定冠词 the 。ride 表示泛指要用不定冠词 a。所以选 D 。

　5. Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______whole family are supposed to get together.（2007 年辽宁卷）

　A. the； the B. a； a C. the； a D. a； the 解析：这句话的意思是：圣诞节是一个整个家庭应该聚在一起的特殊的节日。

　A special holiday“一个特殊的节日”，是泛指，用不定

　 冠词 a 。the whole family 特指“整个家庭”，用定冠词 the 。所以选 D 。

　冠词用法口诀

　专题 练习 1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed. a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the 2.He has promised to give up ______ hundreds of times. 口诀一 口诀二（定冠词）

　口诀三（零冠词）

　名词是秃子 常要戴帽子 可数名词单 需用 a 或 an 辅音前用 a

　元音前用 an 复数不可数泛指 the不见 碰到代词时,冠词均不现. 特指双熟悉

　上文已提及 世上独无二

　序数最高级 某些专有名

　习语和乐器

　代词限定名词前

　专有名词不可数 学科球类三餐饭

　两季星期月份前 颜色语种和国名

　称呼习语和头衔

　 a. a tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos 3.______ usually go to church every Sunday. a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns 4.The train is running fifty miles ______. a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour 5.He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good ______. a. at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute 6.The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India. a. those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor 7.You look in high spirit. You must have ______ during your holiday. a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time 8.The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ______ traffic there was so heavy. a a b. an c. the d. one 9.A new teacher was sent to the village in place of ______ one who had retired. a. a b. the c. an d. its 10.Virtue and vice are before you;______ leads you to happiness,______ to misery.

　 a. the former…latter b. a former…a latter c. the former…the latter d. former…latter 11.The children in the kinder-garden soon took ______ to their teachers. a. quite fancy b. a quite fancy c. quite a fancy d. the quite fancy 12.______ tend to bemoan the lack of character in the young generation. a. The old b. Old c. Elderly d. Older 13.A man suffering from a chock should be given ______. a. hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet tea d. one hot sweet tea 14.He answered my questions with ______ not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy. a. his accuracy b. a accuracy c. the accuracy d. an accuracy 15.If you go by train you can have quite ______ comfortable journey. a. the b. one c. a d. that 16.We’re going to ______ with ______ today, aren’t we? a. the tea…the Smiths b. tea…those Smiths c. a tea…a Smith d. tea…the Smiths 17.I want an assistant with ______ knowledge of French and ______ experience of office routine.

　 a. the…the b. a…the c. a…an d. the…an 18.Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and ______ they took her to the court. a. in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end 19.It is reported that today ______ president will have lunch with ______ President Omon. a. the…the b. a…a c. the…/ d. /…/ 20.Tianan Men Square and ______ Great Wall are tow of the places everyone should see in ______ People’s Republic of China. a. the…the b. /…/ c. the…/ d. /…the 21.It has long been known that there is an electric field ______. a. inside the earth b. inside earth c. inside an earth d. on earth 22.______ much harder work, the volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire______. a. By the means of…under the control b. By means of…under control c.By means of…under a control d. By a means of…under control 23.No sooner had the man departed than the tree began dropping coffee beans ______.

　 a. by the thousand b. by a thousand c. by thousands d. by thousand 24.He expressed ______ of their having ever been married. a. the doubt b. a doubt c. doubt d. an doubt 25.He saw through the little boy’s tricks ______. a. at glance b. at the glance c. at some glance d. at a glance 26.Their victory is ______,for they’ve lost too many men. a.out of question b. out of the question c. out question d. of question 27.Many a girl wants to become ______. a. some secretary b. a secretary c. secretary d. secretaries 28.He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus. a. a arm b. an arm c. the arm d. by the arm 29.I’ll come in ______ minute; in fact I’ll come ______ moment I’m through. a./…the b. a…the c. the…a d. /…/ 30.This is one of ______ interesting books on your subject. a.the most b. the most of the c. most d. most of the 31.He enjoys life ______ the “Queen Anne”. a. on a board b . on board c. in the board d. board 32.He lost his fob and ______ his wife left him. a. on that top b. on top of that c. on a top of that d. on the top

　 33.Most of the representatives think that ______ the meeting was very successful. a. on whole of b. on a whole c. on the whole d. on the whole that 34.Under no circumstances will there be wage control while I am ______ of the government. a.the head b. a head c. head d. that head 35.Like his sister, David needed ______ from some generous person in order to get home. a. a ride b. some ride c. ride d. the ride 36.The brain’s left hemisphere controls logic and language, while ______controls intuitive talents and musical ability. a. the right b. a right c. that right d. right one 37.______ is setting up a research team to see how children react to video games. a. The Japan’s Health Ministry b. Japan’s health Ministry b. A Japan’s health Ministry d. Japan health Ministry 38.Unlike Americans, who seem to prefer coffee,______ a great deal of tea. a. English drink b. The English drink c. English man drink d. the English drinks 39.Hundreds of people are ______ now, so there are about 50 people trying for the same position.

　 a.out of the work b. out work c. out of work d. out of a work 40.His mother taught ______ ,but his father was only a blue-collar worker. a. piano b. an piano c. the piano d. a piano 41.Contrary to what I had expected, he lost for ______. a second time b. a second time c. second times d. the second time 42.Fashions change and people change too, but the old feeling remains ______. a. the same b. same c. that same d. as same 43.We are going to dine tomorrow with ______ to celebrate Christmas Day. a. the Cunning b. Cunnings c. The Cunnings d. Cunning’s 44.This is ______ which is collected before the first rain in Spring. a. one tea b. a tea c. the tea d. that tea 45.______ is known by its note,______ is known by his talk. a. A bird/a man b. One bird/one man c. The bird/the man d. Bird/man 46.Never travel with ______ who leaves you in case of danger. a. the friend b. that friend c. a friend d. friend 47.Do you think it possible for the North Pole to have ______ a few thousand years from now?

　 a. Shanghai b. a Shanghai c. the Shanghai d. one Shanghai 48.I don’t think ______ is a better car than our makes. a. a Ford b. Ford’s c. the Ford d. Ford 49.I didn’t know why he looked angry when I patted him ______. a. on the head b. on head c. on a head d. on his head 50.he never fails to give you ______ when you are in trouble. a. his helping hands b. the helping hand c. helping hands d. a helping hand 51.The historical events of that period are arranged ______. a. in alphabetical order b. in an alphabetical order c in the alphabetical orders d. in a alphabetical orders 52.The like to take a vacation ______. a. one time the year b. one time in a year c. once a year d. once in a year 53.“What is Todger?” “He is ______.” a. a poet and novelist b. a poet and a novelist c poet and novelist d. the poet and novelist 54.“How did you pay the workers?” “As a rule, they are paid ______.” a. by an your b. by the hour c. by a hour d. by hours 55.The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers ______. a. from east to west b. from the east to west c. from the east to the west d. from eastern to western

　 56.What ______ are you planning to buy? a. make of car b. make of the car c. make of a car d. make of cars 57.______,you can’t fool her. a. The child though Rowena is b. Though child Rowena is b. As child Rowena is d. Child as Rowena is 58.What’s ______ is to get information about the situation first. a. the wisest b. a wisest c. the wiser d. wisest 59.The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated. a. the town and the country b. town and country b. a town and a country d. a town and the country 60.Scientists hope to send an expedition to Mars during ______. a. the 1990s b. the 1990 c. 1990s d. 1990’s