初中英语语法定语从句精讲精练.doc

时间：2021-06-17 15:20:53 来源：蒲公英阅读网 本文已影响人

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　定语从句

　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有 who，whom，whose，which，that，as 等和关系副词 where，when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。

　1、由 who，who，whom，whose 引导的定语从句 在这类定语从句中，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语(可以省略)，whose 用作定语。如：

　This is the man who is looking for you. The actor （whom）you"re talking about is in the car. Do you know the singer whose name is Liu Huan? 2、由 which 引导的定语从句 which 在定语从句中作主语、或谓语动词或介词的宾语(可以省略)。如：

　The bridge which is being built is 5km long. This is the CD (which) he wants. The house in which /where they live is very beautiful. 注：

　①whom 和 which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可以放在从句原来的位置上；在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：

　The house in which they live is very beautiful. (=The house which they live in is very beautiful.) Lina is the girl with whom I went shopping yesterday. (=Lina is the girl whom I went shopping with yesterday) The actor （whom）you"re talking about is in the car. ②如果是引导非限制性定语从句，只能用关系代词 which，而不能用 that。如：

　She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 3、由 that 引导的定语从句 that 在定语从句中可以指人或物，作主语或谓语动词的宾语(可以省略)，不能作介词的宾语（which 才能作介词的宾语）。如：

　The toy car that was given by my uncle last week is my favourite. The present (that) I got last week was given by my uncle. 在以下几种情况下都只能用 that 引导定语从句：

　1）先行词是不定代词 all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything 等。如：

　All that you have to do every day is to practise speaking more. 2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰的。如：

　I"ll never forget the first lesson that was taught by Mr He. That"s the most interesting movie (that) I have ever seen. 3）先行词被 all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some 等修饰的。如：

　Have you finished reading all the books (that) I brought you a month ago? 4）先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last 等修饰的。如：

　Miss Sun was the only person (that) I knew at the party. 5）先行词既有人又有物时。如：

　At the party we talked about things and persons (that) we were interested in. 6）当句中已有 who 时，为了避免重复。如：

　Who is the girl that is wearing a red dress? 7）用作关系副词，修饰表示时间的名词如 day，time，moment 等，代替 when。如：

　The story happened on the day that/when he left his hometown.

　4、由 where，when，why 引导的定语从句。如：

　Do you know the reason why he was late for school yesterday? I"ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago. 当先行词表示时间或地点时，关系词有时用 when，where，有时要用 that/which，这主要看它 在定语从句中作什么成分而定。如：

　October 1st, 1949 is the day when new China was founded. (状语) October 1st, 1949 is the day (that) we should remember forever. (宾语) This is the hospital where he was born twenty years ago.（状语）

　This is the hospital that was built twenty years ago. (主语) 5、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。引导限制性定语从句的有关系代词 who，whom，whose，which，that 等和关系副词 where，when，why 等。

　2）非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有它也不影响主句意思的完整性。通常用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词只能用 which，而不用 that；指人时，要用 who/whom。如：

　He has two brothers, who are both pupils. There are 160 teachers in their school, 97 of whom are women teachers. She has lost the book HARRY POTTER, which she likes very much. 6、as 引导的定语从句 1）as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或状语，构成 the same...as...，such...as...等结构。如：

　I like the same sport as he does. (as 作宾语) Please do it in the same way as they did. (as 作状语) Do you want to buy such a computer as she bought? (as 作宾语)

　2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从句说明整个句子，可以放在句首。如：

　As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China from the ancient time. (as 代表整个句子，作宾语) As is known to all, Anne is the top student in her class. (as 代表整个句子，作主语) English is very important, as indeed it is. (as 代表整个句子，作表语) 这种类似插入语的句式通常有：as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as is known to all，as it is，as is often the case ，as is reported in the newspaper 等。

　注：

　①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致； ②关系代词 whom，which，that 在限制性定语从句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语（该介词没有提前）时，常常省略，但是 as 一般不能省略。

　③关系代词 which 和 as 在定语从句中的区别是：which 不能放在句首，而 as 却可以；在句中时，as 有“正如、就象”的含义，而 which 则无此意。

　Ex.1: Choose the best answer: 1. All

　is needed is lots of money. A. what

　 B. which

　 C. that

　 D. the thing 2. I heard a terrible noise,

　brought my heart into my mouth.

　 A. this

　B. that

　C. it

　D. which 3. After living in Malaysia for sixty years, he returned to the village

　 he was born

　 and grew up as a child.

　 A. where

　B. when

　C. which

　D. that

　4. I don"t like

　 she speaks to her mother.

　 A. the way in that

　 B. the way

　 C. the way which

　D. the way of which 5.

　 is known to all, China is still a

　country like those in the third world.

　 A. As; developing

　 B. It; developing

　C. This; developed

　D. That; developed 6. Who"s that beautiful girl

　 wearing a white dress?

　A. who

　 B. that"s

　 C. whose

　D. whom 7. The house

　 roof is red is being repaired.

　 A. whose

　B. who"s

　 C. which

　 D. that 8. The reason

　 I"m writing to you is to tell you about a picnic on Sunday.

　 A. for

　 B. because

　C. as

　 D. why 9. Do you know the man

　came to see Mr. Wang this afternoon?

　 A. who

　B. which

　 C. whom

　D. / 10. How many students are there in your class

　homes are in the city? A. who

　B. whom

　 C. whose

　D. that 11. Mr. Long is a man

　 we should learn from. A. who

　B. whom

　 C. which

　D. that 12. This is the hill

　we planted more than 500 trees last year. A. where

　B. in where

　 C. which

　D. that 13. The day is not far off

　the New Year will be celebrated by us. A. where

　B. when

　 C. which

　D. that

　14. Those

　want to see the film please put up your hands. A. who

　B. whom

　 C. whose

　D. which 15. This is the village

　 they visited last month. A. where

　B. in where

　 C. in which

　D. that 16. That’s the only thing

　we can do now. A. when

　B. who

　C. which

　 D. that 17. That is the question about

　they’ve had so much discussion. A. where

　B. who

　 C. which

　 D. that 18. They will fly to Guangzhou,

　 they plan to stay for a week or two, and then go on to Hong Kong. A. where

　B. when

　 C. which

　D. that

　19. That is the question

　they’ve had so much discussion about. A. why

　 B. who

　C. /

　 D. for that 20.

　anyone knows, he is blind. A. Which

　 B. As

　 C. That

　 D. Who 参考答案：

　1---5：CDABA

　6---10：BADAC

　11----15：BABAD

　 16---20：DCACB Ex. 2: Fill in the blank with a proper word: 1. This is the book

　we’re looking for. 2. Those

　behave and study well are praised and rewarded. 3. Have you anything in mind

　 you’d like to do this weekend? 4. We took Miss Ye to the waiting room,

　we had a short rest. 5. There are 16o teachers in our school, about 60% of

　are women teachers. 6. Oct. 1 st

　, 1949 is the day

　 New China was founded. 7. May 4 th

　is a day

　I’ll never forget in my life.

　8. That’s the place

　Ba Jing once worked and lived. 9. That’s the farm

　 they visited last year. 10. This is the finest film

　 I’ve seen this year. 11. What’s the first English song

　you have learned? 12. Those of you

　don’t want to go swimming may stay here. 13. Was it the first time

　they were there? 14. He is the only one of the students

　doesn’t like seeing a movie. 15. Do you know anyone

　has a digital camera? 16. A nurse is a woman

　takes care of children or patients. 17. A library is a place

　you can borrow books.

　18. Here are the Christmas cards

　I’ve just received. 19. A widow is a woman

　 husband is dead. 20. Can you think of anyone

　 home is in Beijing? 参考答案：

　1. that/ which

　2. who

　 3. that

　 4. where

　 5. whom

　 6. when

　 7. that/which

　 8. where

　9. which/that

　10. that

　11. that

　12. who

　 13. when/-- 14. who

　15. that

　 16. who/that

　17. where

　18. which/that

　19. whose

　20. whose