牛津小学英语5AUnit6语法笔记

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牛津小学英语5AUnit6语法笔记 本文关键词：牛津，语法，小学英语，笔记，AUnit6

牛津小学英语5AUnit6语法笔记 本文简介：5AUnit6语法笔记一、现在进行时【be动词（am、is、are）+动词-ing表示动作正在进行】1.如何确定（1）句子前或后有now,句首有look,listen时,用现在进行时be+动词-ing.（2）问句用现在进行时,答句也用现在进行时.（3）根据上下文能看出用现在进行时.【例外：】Shal

牛津小学英语5AUnit6语法笔记 本文内容：

5A

Unit6

语法笔记

一、现在进行时【be动词（am

、is

、are

）

+动词-ing表示动作正在进行

】

1.如何确定（1）句子前或后有now,句首有look,listen

时,用现在进行时be

+动词-ing.

（2）问句用现在进行时,答句也用现在进行时.

（3）根据上下文能看出用现在进行时.

【例外：】Shall

we

go

now

?

在这句中应根据shall

we

来确定用go。

Let’s

go

now

.

在这句中应根据let’s

来确定用go

.

2.例句

（1）I

am

running

now

.

我现在正在跑.

（2）Look,they

are

sweeping

the

floor

in

the

classroom

.看,他们正在教室里扫地.

（3）Listen,the

girl

is

singing

in

the

music

room

.听,一个女孩在音乐教室里唱歌.

（4）Kate,your

mother

is

sleeping,don’t

listen

to

music,please.

凯特,你妈妈正在睡觉,请不要听音乐了.

【注意1、be

动词的正确使用.要和人称一致.2、现在分词的构成见U6的三级训练.】

二、句型转换

1.

肯定句:

I

am

walking

.

我正在散步.

否定句:

I

am

not

walking

.我不在散步.

一般疑问句:

Are

you

walking

?

你在散步吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,I

am.

是的.否定回答:

No,I’m

not

.不,我不在.

特殊疑问句:

What

are

you

doing

?

你正在干什么?

回答

:

I

am

+动词-ing

./

We

are

+动词-ing

.

2.

肯定句:

He

is

walking

.

他正在散步.

否定句:

He

is

not

walking

.他不在散步.

一般疑问句:

Is

he

walking

?

他在散步吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,he

is

.

是的.否定回答:

No,he

isn’t

.不,他不在.

特殊疑问句:

What

is

he

doing

?

他正在干什么?

回答

:

He

is

+动词-ing

.

3.

肯定句:

Nancy

is

walking

.

南茜正在散步.

否定句:

Nancy

is

not

walking

.南茜不在散步.

一般疑问句:

Is

Nancy

walking

?

南茜在散步吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,she

is

.

是的.否定回答:

No,she

isn’t

.不,她不在.

特殊疑问句:

What

is

Nancy

doing

?

南茜正在干什么?

回答

:

She

is

+动词-ing

.

4.肯定句:

They

are

walking

.

他们正在散步.

否定句:

They

are

not

walking

.他们不在散步.

一般疑问句:

Are

they

walking

?

他们在散步吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,they

are

.是的.否定回答:No,they

aren’t

.不,他们不在.

特殊疑问句:

What

are

they

doing

?

他们正在干什么?

回答

:

They

are

+动词-ing

.

5.肯定句:

We

are

walking

.

我们正在散步.

否定句:

We

are

not

walking

.我们不在散步.

一般疑问句:

Are

you

walking

?

你们在散步吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,we

are

.是的.否定回答:No,we

aren’t

.不,我们不在.

特殊疑问句:

What

are

you

doing

?

你们正在干什么?

回答

:

We

are

+动词-ing

.

6.肯定句:

Helen

and

her

mother

are

doing

housework.

海伦和她妈妈正在做家务。

否定句:

Helen

and

her

mother

aren’t

doing

housework.

海伦和她妈妈不在做家务。

一般疑问句:

Are

Helen

and

her

mother

doing

housework?

海伦和她妈妈在做家务吗?

肯定回答:

Yes,they

are

.是的.否定回答:No,they

aren’t

.不,她们不在.

特殊疑问句:What

are

Helen

and

her

mother

doing

?

海伦和她妈妈在正在干什么?

回答

:

They

are

+动词-ing

.

【注意1.be

动词要跟人一致.

2.be动词（am

、is

、are

）

+动词-ing是现在进行时的左臂右膀,两者缺一不可.】

五、知识点

1.help

+

宾格

+

with

+

谁的

him

his

帮助他做数学

with

help

her

her

帮助她做数学

me

my

Maths

帮助我做数学

us

our

帮助我们做数学

2.

how

about

=

what

about

…怎么样

（1）how

about

+

宾格

（me、him、her

、us、them）

（2）how

about

+

动词-ing

例:

How

about

swimming

?

游泳怎么样?

3.

动词-ing

的用法归纳

（1）like

+动词-ing

表示喜欢做某事

（2）go

+

动词-ing

表示去做某事

（3）be

（am

、is

、are

）+动词-ing

表示正在做某事

U6

整理笔记

一、词组

1、Sunday

morning

星期日上午

2、at

home

在家

3、do

housework

做家务

4、sweep

the

floor

扫地

5、clean

the

windows

擦窗

6、do

homework

做家庭作业

7、do

my

homework

做我的家庭作业

8、help

me

(help

+

宾格

)

帮助我

9、help

me

with

my

Maths帮助我做数学

10、how

about

(what

about)…怎么样

11、this

afternoon

今天下午

12、See

you.

再见。

13、wash

cloths

洗衣服

14、read

a

storybook

看故事书

15、draw

a

picture

画画

16、draw

some

pictures

画一些画

17、clean

some

toys

清洗玩具

18、watch

TV

看电视

19、the

red

vest

这件红色的背心

20、make

a

cake

做蛋糕

21、come

and

help

me

来帮助我

22、look

good

看起来不错

23、put

the

red

vest

on

the

bed把这件红色的背心放在床上

二、句子

1、Are

you

free

now

?

你现在有空吗？

2、The

telephone

is

ringing

.

电话铃响了。

3、Can

you

come

and

help

me

with

my

Maths

?你能过来帮我做数学吗？

4、How

about

this

afternoon

?

今天下午如何？

5、What

am

I

doing

?

我正在干什么？

You’re

sweeping

the

floor

.

你正在扫地。

6、You’re

wrong

.

你是错的。【right

和wrong是一对反义词

】

7、You’re

right.

你是对的。

8、Can

you

help

me

?

你能来帮我吗？

9、电话用语

（1）Hello,is

that

Su

Hai

?

你好，是苏海吗？

（2）Who’s

that

speaking

?

是谁打的电话？

This

is

Helen

speaking

.

我是海伦。

（3）May

I

speak

to

…?

我能和…通话吗？

篇2：上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文关键词：牛津，上海，英语语法，小学，知识

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文简介：上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，everyday，sometimes，always，atweekends，onSundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成：1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 本文内容：

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

一般现在时

1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，often，every

day，sometimes，always，at

weekends，on

Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。

2、构成：

1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他

如：I

am

a

student.

He

is

Jim’s

father.

They

are

from

Japan.

2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：

①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他

如：I

often

watch

TV

at

the

weekends.

Mr

Green

and

Mrs

Green

like

collecting

stamps.

②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他

如：Jim

usually

visits

his

grandparents

on

Sundays.

She

sometimes

goes

to

the

park

with

her

mother.

3、动词三单形式的变化规则：

①

一般情况下，直接加s

如：read-reads，swim-swims

②

以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es

如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does

③

以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es

如：study-studies，fly-flies

④

不规则变化

如：have-has

4、一般现在时的句型转换：

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

They

watch

TV

every

day.

They

don’t

watch

TV

every

day.

—Do

they

watch

TV

every

day?

—Yes,they

do.

/

No,they

don’t.

She

watches

TV

every

day.

She

doesn’t

watch

TV

every

day.

—

Does

she

watch

TV

every

day?

—Yes,she

does.

/

No,she

doesn’t.

现在进行时

1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。

如：I

am

washing

clothes

now.

Look!

Liu

Tao

is

climbing

the

tree.

Listen!

Jane

is

singing

in

the

music

room.

2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+

动词现在分词（V-ing）

3、动词现在分词构成：

①

一般是在动词原形后加ing

如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking

②

以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing

如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking

③

以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing

如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting

4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。

如：Asking

the

way

My

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.

He

is

good

at

skating.

5、现在进行时的句型转换：

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

He

is

running

now.

He

isn’t

running

now.

—Is

he

running

now?

—Yes,he

is.

/

No,he

isn’t.

They

are

making

a

puppet.

They

aren’t

making

a

puppet.

—

Are

they

making

a

puppet?

—Yes,they

are.

/

No,they

aren’t.

一般过去时

1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a

moment

ago，just

now，yesterday，last

week，this

morning等。

如：My

brother

often

went

to

school

by

bike

last

term.

The

watch

was

beside

the

diary

a

moment

ago.

I

watched

the

moon

and

ate

the

moon

cakes

last

Mid-Autumn

Festival.

Jim

went

to

the

supermarket

yesterday.

2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他

3、动词过去式的变化规则：

①

一般在动词原形末尾加ed

如：play-played，listen-listened，look-looked

②

结尾是e的动词，加d

如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted

③

辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed

如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried

④

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed

如：stop-stopped，plan-planned

⑤

不规则变化

如：

am/is-was

are-were

have/has-had

do-did

go-went

sit-sat

tell-told

see-saw

get-got

make-made

give-gave

read-read

buy-bought

come-came

draw-drew

eat-ate

fly-flew

meet-met

put-put

run-ran

say-said

sing-sang

swim-swam

take-took

4、一般过去时的句型转换

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

He

watched

TV

yesterday.

He

didn’t

watch

TV

yesterday.

—Did

he

watch

TV

yesterday?

—Yes,he

did.

/

No,he

didn’t.

They

played

games

just

now.

They

didn’t

play

games

just

now.

—

Did

they

play

games

just

now?

—Yes,they

did.

/

No,they

didn’t.

一般将来时

1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow

morning，next

week，this

afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。

2、构成：

①

be

gong

to

+动词原形

如：I

am

going

to

see

a

Beijing

opera

tomorrow.

We

are

going

to

meet

at

bus

stop

at

half

past

ten.

Dad

and

I

are

going

to

see

a

Beijing

opera

this

afternoon.

②

will

+动词原形

如：They

will

go

swimming

this

afternoon.

3、be

going

to

和will

区别：

①

be

going

to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。

如：I

am

going

to

take

part

in

a

party

this

evening.

They

are

cleaning

the

library

now.

I’ll

go

and

join

them.

②be

going

to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He

is

going

to

write

a

letter

tomorrow.

I

will

meet

her

one

day.

③

be

going

to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look!

It’s

going

to

rain.

4、一般将来时句型转换：

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句及回答

She

is

going

to

have

a

picnic

tomorrow.

She

isn’t

going

to

have

a

picnic

tomorrow.

—Is

she

going

to

have

a

picnic

tomorrow?

—Yes,she

is.

/

No,she

isn’t.

They

will

go

swimming

this

afternoon.

They

will

not(won’t)

go

swimming

this

afternoon.

—Will

they

go

swimming

this

afternoon?

—Yes,they

will.

/

No,they

won’t.

句法

1、陈述句

说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他

1）肯定陈述句

We

all

like

pandas

very

much.

2）否定陈述句

He

doesn’t

do

housework

at

weekends

3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句

①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。

Mary

was

at

school

yesterday.

—>

Mary

was

not

at

school

yesterday.

I

can

make

a

model

plane.

—>I

can

not

make

a

model

plane.

②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。

He

likes

drawing

pictures.—>He

doesn’t

like

drawing

pictures.

I

went

to

the

park

yesterday.

—>I

didn’t

go

to

the

park

yesterday.

4）陈述句改一般疑问句

①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。

Mary

was

at

school

yesterday.

—>

Was

Mary

at

school

yesterday?

I

can

make

a

model

plane.

—>

Can

you

make

a

model

plane?

②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。

He

likes

drawing

pictures.—>Does

he

like

drawing

pictures.

I

went

to

the

park

yesterday.

—>Did

you

go

to

the

park

yesterday?

2、疑问句

用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。

1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。

—Is

Mr

Green

from

the

UK?

—Yes，he

is.

/

No，he

isn’t.

—Do

you

have

any

hobbies?

—Yes，I

do.

/

No，I

don’t.

—Can

you

play

the

guitar?

—Yes，I

can.

/

No，I

can’t.

2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How

do

you

go

to

work

every

day?

—I

go

to

work

by

car.

3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。

—Would

you

like

some

tea

or

coffee?

—Some

coffee,please.

4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。

—It’s

a

fine

day,isn’t

it?

—

Yes,it

is.

3、祈使句

表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。

1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。

①肯定祈使句：Open

the

door,please.

②否定祈使句：Don’t

be

late

again.

2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。

Let

me

have

a

look.

Let’s

play

a

game

now.

Let

him

go

home

now.

Shall

we

meet

at

one

thirty

in

front

of

the

Garden

Theatre?

4、感叹句

表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。

1）what

+

名词或名词性短语

What

a

big

garden

(it

is)!

What

an

interesting

storybook

(it

is)

!

What

lovely

weather

(it

is)!

What

pretty

girls

(they

are)!

2）how

+形容词或副词＋主语＋动词

How

nice!

How

beautiful

the

flowers

are!

How

tall

Yao

Ming

is!

5、there

be

句型

表示在某地有某人或某物。

1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。

There

is

some

milk

in

the

fridge.

There

are

some

peaches

in

the

basket.

2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。

There

is

a

ruler

and

five

knives

in

the

pencil

case.

There

are

five

knives

and

a

ruler

in

the

pencil

case.

3）there

be句型和have/has区别：

there

be句型表示某地有某人或某物；

have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。

There

are

some

English

books

on

the

desk.

I

have

some

English

books.

篇3：初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词

初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文关键词：牛津，上海，语法，名词，复习

初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文简介：课题名称初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词(二)教学目标同步教学知识内容Unit2语法总结复习个性化学习问题解决名词教学重点名词的数教学难点名词的数、名词的格。教学内容I名词三.名词的普通格作定语表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。eg.stone

初一英语上海牛津版Unit2语法总结复习名词 本文内容：

课题名称

初一英语上海牛津版Unit

2语法总结复习名词(二)

教学目标

同步教学知识内容

Unit

2语法总结复习

个性化学习问题解决

名词

教学重点

名词的数

教学难点

名词的数、名词的格。

教学内容

I名词

三.

名词的普通格作定语

表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。

eg.

stone

figures（石像）；paper

money（纸币）；country

music（乡村音乐）；table

cloth（桌布）；river

bank（河岸）；school

gate（校门口）；book

stores（书店）；traffic

lights（交通灯）；summer

holidays（暑假）；evening

dress（晚礼服）。

但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。

eg.

sports

meet（运动会）；the

United

States

government（美国政府）；students

reading-room（学生阅览室）；goods

train（货车）；two

men

doctors（两个男医生）。

四.

重难点讲解：

1.

I

found

her

sitting

in

the

corner,reading

_____

newspaper,with

_____

in

her

eyes.

A.

a,tear

B.

a

piece

of,tears

C.

a,tears

D.

a

piece

of,tear

陷阱：误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news（消息）和

paper（纸）均为不可数名词，那么newspaper（报纸）也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。

分析：最佳答案为C。newspaper和

tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。

Her

eyes

filled

with

tears.

她热泪盈眶。

She

dried

her

tears

with

a

handkerchief.

她用手帕擦干了眼泪。

The

newspapers

were

full

of

lies.

报纸上一片谎言。

A

newspaper

is

a

publication.

报纸是一种出版物。

2.

Her

father

works

as

a

______

in

a

hotel

and

her

mother

a

______

in

a

private

company.

A.

cooker,typewriter

B.

cook,typist

C.

cooker,typist

D.

cook,typewriter

陷阱：误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook

用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以

cooker

应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type

用作动词，表示“打字”，所以

typewriter

应表示“打字员”。

分析：“而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。

3.

“Why

couldn’t

they

meet

us

at

five

o’clock?”

“Because

they

were

delayed

by

________.”

A.

heavy

traffic

B.

heavy

traffics

C.

crowded

traffic

D.

crowded

traffics

陷阱：B、C、D三项均容易误选。

分析：对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded

来修饰

traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy

traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：

She

is

not

a

competent

driver

and

can’t

cope

with

driving

in

_______.

A.

heavy

traffic

B.

heavy

traffics

C.

crowded

traffic

D.

crowded

traffics

4.

In

fact,_______

one

cause

that

leads

to

the

problem.

A.

cattle

is

B.

cattle

are

C.

cattles

are

D.

the

cattles

are

陷阱：此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。

陷阱：其实，正确答案为B。cattle（牲畜，牛）为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：

For

this

many

cattle

were

killed.

为此宰了不少牲畜。

The

prisoners

were

herded

like

cattle.

囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。

类似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（家禽）等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与

a（n）

连用，但可与the连用（表示总括意义和特指）。如：The

poultry

have

been

fed.

家禽已经喂过饲料了。

In

Britain

police

do

not

usually

carry

guns.

在英国警察通常不带枪。

It

annoys

me

when

people

forget

to

say

“thank

you”.

遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。

5.

By

all

_______,you

must

try

every

_______

to

help

him.

A.

mean,mean

B.

means,means

C.

means,mean

D.

mean,means

陷阱：误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。

分析：其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式（mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”）。此题正确答案为C，by

all

means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：

All

possible

means

have

been

tried.

所有可能的办法都已经试过了。

Every

possible

means

has

been

tried.

每种可能的办法都已经试过了。

若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：

Is

[Are]

there

any

other

means

of

getting

more

money?

还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?

6.

Jim

is

______

person,and

everyone

is

willing

to

be

______

with

him.

A.

so

kind

a,friends

B.

so

a

kind,friends

C.

so

kind

a,friend

D.

so

a

kind,friend

陷阱：误选C或D。认为

friend要用单数。

分析：其实此题最佳答案为A。so

kind

a

person相当于such

a

kind

person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be

friends

with是习语，意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make

friends

with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：

He

is

friends

with

me.

他与我是朋友。

He

has

made

friends

with

everyone

here.

他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。

7.

We

already

have

______

pencils,but

we

need

two

______

pens.

A.

dozen

of,dozen

B.

dozens

of,dozens

C.

dozens

of,dozen

D.

dozens

of,dozen

of

陷阱：误选

B。

分析：此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：

（1）当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。

（2）当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词

of，此时可将dozens

of（许多，几十）视为习语。如：

I’ve

been

there

dozens

of

times.

我去过那儿几十次。

She’s

got

dozens

of

boy-friends.

她的男朋友很多。

下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属类似情况：

Pack

them

in

dozens.

按打装袋吧。

（3）当与

a

few,several

等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词

of不能省略。如：

several

dozen

（of）

pencils=several

dozens

of

pencils几打铅笔

注：英语较少使用many

dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens

of。

（4）当它后面的名词受

the,these,those

等特指限定词修饰时，或其后接的是us,them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词

of。如：

two

dozen

of

these

eggs

两打这种鸡蛋

three

dozen

of

them

它们中的3打

注：score,hundred,thousand,million等也具有以上类似用法。

8.

She

raised

her

finger

to

her

lips

as

_____

for

silence.

A.

an

idea

B.

a

mark

C.

a

sign

D.

a

word

陷阱：容易误选B。

分析：应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign

的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture

or

movement

made

with

the

hand,head,etc,used

to

give

information,a

command,etc（用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等），mark

的意思是

written

or

printed

symbol

or

figure,line

etc

made

as

signor

an

indication

of

sth（书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号）。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：

（1）Those

black

clouds

are

a

sure

_____

that

it’s

going

to

rain.

A.

thing

B.

mark

C.

sign

D.

one

（2）

Just

as

a

famous

Chinese

saying

goes,a

timely

heavy

snow

is

a

______

of

good

harvest

next

year.

A.

mark

B.

track

C.

sign

D.

appearance

但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol（象征）：

The

lion

is

considered

the

king

of

the

forest

as

it

is

a（n）

_____

of

courage

and

power.

A.

example

B.

sign

C.

mark

D.

symbol

9.

“May

I

take

your

order

now?”

“We’d

like

three

black

_______

and

two

green

_______.”

A.

coffee,cups

of

teas

B.

coffees,teas

C.

cups

of

coffee,tea

D.

cup

of

coffees,teas

陷阱：误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。

分析：选B。有的同学认为

coffee

和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用

three

coffees,two

teas

这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中

three

coffees

就等于

three

cups

of

coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成

three

cups

of

tea，也可说成

three

teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成

three

glasses

of

beer，也可说成

three

beers。

10.

_____

is

a

good

form

of

exercise

for

both

young

and

old.

A.

Walk

B.

Walking

C.

The

walk

D.

To

walk

陷阱：容易误选A或D。

分析：最佳答案为B。分析如下：

（1）首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。

（2）尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词

walking。比较：

How

about

going

for

a

walk?

出去散散步如何?

Walking

does

good

to

your

health.

散步对你的健康有益。

类似地，dance

和

dancing

以及

swim

和

swimming

的区别也是一样：

（1）名词的

dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词

dancing。比较：

Let’s

have

a

dance.

我们跳曲舞吧。

He

is

interested

in

dancing.

他对跳舞感兴趣。

（2）名词的

swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词

swimming。比较：

She

had

a

swim

every

day.

她每天游一会儿泳。

She

loves

swimming.

她喜欢游泳。

一、提高题

1．Twelve

were

hurt,but

no

were

lost

in

that

accident.

A.

person,life

B.

people,livesC.

peoples,lives

D.

persons,life

2．

One

of

the

family

on

the

bed.

A.

photos

is

B.

photoes

areC.

photos

are

D.

photoes

is



3．There

are

some

foreigners

talking

in

the

room.

They

are

two,three

and

two

.

A.

Japanese;

Englishmen;

GermansB.

Japanese;

Englishman,German

C.

Japaneses;

Englishmen,GermansD.

Japanese,Englishmen,Germen



4．The

sign

“BUSINESS

HOURS”

can

be

seen

in

a

.

A.

shop

B.

schoolC.

park

D.

museum



5．

mother

made

them

have

piano

lessons.

A.

Peter

and

Anne

B.

Peter

s

and

Anne

sC.

Peter

s

and

Anne

D.

Peter

and

Anne

s



6．-Please

help

me

move

the

table

in.

-But

there

is

not

enough

for

it.

A.

place

B.

floorC.

room

D.

ground



7．These

_________

have

saved

many

children’s

lives.

A.

woman

doctors

B.

women

doctor

C.

women

doctors

D.

woman

doctor

8．Yesterday

Xiao

Min

bought

a

new

pair

of

.It

is

made

of

.

A.

glass;

glass

B.

glasses;

glass

C.

glasses;

glasses

D.

glass;

glasses

9．-How

does

Mr

Smith

go

to

his

office?

-Every

morning

he

takes

a

to

his

office.

A.20

minutes

walk

B.20

minute

s

walkC.20

minute

walk

D.20

minutes

walk



10．

I

went

to

the

shop

to

buy

a

dictionary.

A.

book

B.

books

C.

book

s

D.

books



11．-Do

you

think

selling

vegetables

?

-Yes,but

my

mother

likes

it

very

much.

A.

is

a

hard

work

B.

are

hard

workC.

is

hard

work

D.

is

hard

job



12．You

should

take

more

_______.

Don’t

always

sit

at

the

desk

busy

doing

your_______.

A.

exercise，

exercise

B.

exercises，

exercises

C.

exercises，

exercise

D.

exercise，

exercises

13．She

was

born

in

Wuhan，but

Beijing

has

become

her

second_______

.

A.

home

B.

family

C.

house

D.

country

14．_____

day

we’re

having

today!

A.

What

a

fine

B.

How

fine

C.

What

fine

a

D.

What

fine

15．What

did

the

headmaster

say

about

Jim’s

______?

A.

two-months

holiday

B.

two

months’

holidays

C.

two-month

holiday

D.

two

month’s

holiday

16．一Where

is

David?

一Oh,he

is

reading___

under

the

tall

tree

in

the

garden．

A．several

papers

B．several

paper

C．a

piece

of

paper

D．a

paper

17．一The

Internet

is

so

convenient

that

we

can

get

all

________we

wanted.

—That’s

right.

It

is

very

helpful

in

our

lives

now.

A．the

information

B．an

information

C．the

informations

D．information

18．---

What

about

Mr．Black’s

speech?

---

Wonderful!

There

were

____

people

there．

A.

a

large

number

of

B．much

C.a

great

deal

of

D.

Lots

9

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