新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态

时间：2021-02-17 18:06:23 来源：蒲公英阅读网 本文已影响人

相关热词搜索：语态 新概念英语 被动

新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文关键词：语态，新概念英语，被动

新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文简介：新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态【复习】一、总述：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice)和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)

新概念英语一总结练习七被动语态 本文内容：

新概念英语一总结练习七

被动语态

【复习】

一、总述：

英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The

Active

Voice)和被动语态（The

Passive

Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

They

will

build

a

new

bridge

over

the

river.

(主动)

A

new

bridge

will

be

built

over

the

river.

(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be

+

及物动词的过去分词构成。

二、被动语态的形式

1)

常用时态的被动语态的构成：

被动语态的基本形式为助动词be

+

及物动词的过去分词，即be

done。

被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give

为例，列表如下：

一般现在时：am

/

is

/

are

+

given

一般过去时：was

/

were

+given

一般将来时：shall

/

will

+be+

given

过去进行时：was

/

were

+

being

+

given

现在进行时：am

/

is

/

are

+

being

+

given

过去完成时：had

+

been

+

given

现在完成时：have

/

has

+

been

+

given

将来完成时：shall

/

will

+

have

been

+

given

过去将来时：

should

/

would

+be+

given

现在完成进行时：have/has

been

being

done

含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be

done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

2）被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。

Russian

is

not

taught

in

our

school.

我们学校不教俄语。

3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。

Were

many

trees

planted

on

the

hill

yesterday

昨天山上种了许多树吗？

How

much

money

was

stolen

in

all

一共被偷了多少钱？

三、被动语态使用范围

谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。

动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。

1.

Some

stamps

were

stolen

last

week.

2.

The

PRC

was

founded

on

October

1,1949.

3.

Football

is

played

in

most

middle

schools.

四、主动语态与被动语态的转换

1．主语+谓语+宾语

练习：将下列各句改为被动语态。

He

plants

trees

in

spring.

Tom

will

clean

the

room

tomorrow.

They

make

shoes

in

that

factory.

They

bought

ten

computers

last

term．

Amy

can

take

good

care

of

Gina

．

We

are

painting

the

rooms.

The

workers

told

me

they

would

mend

the

car

as

soon

as

possible.

They

will

send

cars

abroad

by

sea.

Someone

has

told

me

the

sports

meeting

might

be

put

off.

When

I

got

to

the

theatre,I

found

they

had

already

sold

out

the

tickets.

主动语态变被动语态口诀：

宾语提前主语变，

原主变宾by后见，

时态人称be关键。

注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

We

have

bought

a

new

computer.

A

new

computer

______

been

bought.

2.

主语+谓语+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）

My

uncle

gave

me

a

present

on

my

birthday.

I

was

given

a

present

on

my

birthday.

A

present

was

given

to

me

yesterday.

注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词

to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。

一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词

for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。

练习1：将下列句子变为被动语态。

The

foreign

friends

gave

us

some

wonderful

stamps.

My

uncle

gave

me

a

present

on

my

birthday.

练习2：在横线上填for

或者to.

1）

Mother

made

me

a

new

skirt.

(A

new

skirt

was

made

_____

me.

)

2)

The

meat

was

cooked

______us.

3)

My

bike

was

lent

____

her.

4)

Some

country

music

was

played

_____

us.

5)

The

cup

with

mixture

was

showed

______

the

class.

注意：有些既不用to

也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。

He

asked

me

a

question.

(A

question

was

asked

of

me.

)

People

all

over

the

world

know

the

Great

Wall.

The

Great

Wall

is

known

to

people

all

over

the

world.

(不用by短语)

3.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

带复合宾语(宾语+

宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

We

always

keep

the

classroom

clean.

→The

classroom

is

always

kept

clean.

She

told

us

to

follow

her

instructions.

→We

were

told

to

follow

her

instructions.

注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listen

to,look

at,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带

to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to

的问题。

We

often

hear

him

play

the

guitar.

→He

is

often

heard

to

play

the

guitar.

注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：

Tomatoes

were

first

taken

back

to

Europe

and

people

called

them

love

apples.

误：Love

apples

were

called

them.

正：They

were

called

love

apples.

五、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

—

Do

you

like

the

material?

—

Yes,it

feels

very

soft.

误：It

is

felt

very

soft.

The

food

tastes

delicious.

误：The

food

is

tasted

delicious.

The

pop

music

sounds

beautiful.

误：The

pop

music

is

sounded

beautiful.

第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：

He

entered

the

room

and

got

his

book.

误：The

room

was

entered

and

his

book

was

got.

She

had

her

hand

burned.

误：Her

hand

was

had

burned.

第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

When

we

got

to

the

top

of

the

mountain,the

sun

had

already

risen.

误：The

sun

had

already

been

risen.

After

the

earthquake,few

houses

remained.

误：After

the

earthquake,few

houses

were

remained.

第四，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take

place,break

out,belong

to,lose

heart,consist

of,add

up

to等。如：

The

fire

broke

out

in

the

capital

building.

误：The

fire

was

broke

out

in

the

capital

building.

第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：

I

taught

myself

English.

误：Myself

was

taught

English.

We

love

each

other.

误：Each

other

is

loved.

第六、有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook

等。如：

The

cloth

washes

easily.

这布很好洗。

The

new

product

sells

well.

这新产品很畅销。

The

pen

writes

smoothly.

这支笔写字很流畅。

对比：

The

books

sell

well.

(主动句)

The

books

were

sold

out.

(被动句)

The

meat

didn’t

cook

well.

(主动句)

The

meat

was

cooked

for

a

long

time

over

low

heat.

(被动句)

六、特殊句式

在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……It

is

said

that

…

据报导……It

is

reported

that

…

据推测……It

is

supposed

that

…

希望……It

is

hoped

that

…

众所周知……It

is

well

known

that

…

普遍认为……It

is

generally

considered

that

…

有人建议……It

is

suggested

that

…

【练习】

(

)1

The

People

s

Republic

of

China

___

on

October

1,1949.

A.

found

B.

was

founded

C.

is

founded

D.

was

found

(

)

2

English

____

in

Canada.

A.

speaks

B.

are

spoken

C.

is

speaking

D.

is

spoken

(

)3

This

English

song___

by

the

girls

after

class.

A.

often

sings

B.

often

sang

C.

is

often

sang

D.

is

often

sung

(

)4

This

kind

of

car

___

in

Japan.

A,makes

B.

made

C.

is

making

D.

is

made

(

)5

New

computers

___

all

over

the

world.

A.

is

used

B.

are

using

C.

are

used

D.

have

used

(

)6

Our

room

must

___

clean.

A.

keep

B.

be

kept

C.

to

be

kept

D.

to

keep

(

)7

-I

d

like

to

buy

that

coat.

-I

m

sorry.

___.

A.

it

sold

B.

it

s

selling

C.

It

s

been

sold

D.

it

had

been

sold

(

)8A

new

house

___

at

the

corner

of

the

road.

A.

is

building

B.

is

being

built

C.

been

built

D.

be

building

(

)9

The

key

___

on

the

table

when

I

leave.

A.

was

left

B.

will

be

left

C.

is

left

D.

has

been

left

(

)10

Doctors

___

in

every

part

of

the

world.

A.

need

B.

are

needing

C.

are

needed

D.

will

need

(

)11

His

new

book___

next

month.

A.

will

be

published

B.

is

publishing

C.

is

being

published

D.

has

been

published

(

)12

Japanese

___

in

every

country.

A.

is

not

spoken

B.

are

spoken

C.

is

speaking

D.

is

not

speaking

(

)

13

These

papers

___

yet.

A.

have

not

written

B.

have

not

been

written

C.

has

not

written

D.

has

not

been

written

(

)14

The

sports

meet

___

be

held

until

next

week.

A.

didn

t

B.

won

t

C.

isn

t

D.

doesn

t

(

)15

-My

shoes

are

worn

out.

A.

Can

t

they

be

mended?

B.

Let

me

have

a

look

at

it.

C.

How

much

do

they

cost?

D.

Can

t

they

mended?

(

)

16

___

the

watch

been

repaired

yet?

I

badly

need

it.

A.

Does

B.

Has

C.

Is

D.

Are

(

)

17___

these

desks

be

needed?

A.

Will

B.

Are

C.

Has

D.

Do

(

)

18

Why

___

to

talk

about

it

yesterday?

A.

didn

t

a

meeting

hold

B.

wasn

t

a

meeting

held

C.

wasn

t

held

a

meeting

D.

a

meeting

wasn

t

held

(

)

19

Who

was

the

book___?

A.

write

B.

wrote

C.

written

D.

written

by

(

)

20

Where

___

these

boxes

A.

was

B.

were

C.

is

D.

am

(

)21

The

flowers

___often.

A.

must

be

water

B.

must

be

watered

C.

must

watered

D.

must

water

(

)

22

The

books

may___

for

two

weeks.

A.

be

kept

B.

be

borrowed

C.

keep

D.

borrow

(

)

23

The

broken

bike____

here

by

Mr.

Smith.

A.

can

mend

B.

can

mended

C.

can

be

mend

D.

can

be

mended

(

)

24

The

old

bridge

in

my

hometown___

next

month.

A.

is

going

to

be

rebuilt

B.

will

rebuilt

C.

are

going

to

be

rebuilt

D.

are

going

to

rebuilt

(

)25

The

play

___

at

the

theatre

next

Sunday.

A.

is

going

to

be

shown

B.

will

shown

C.

will

show

D.

is

shown

(

)

26

The

old

stone

bridge

___

next

week.

A.

is

going

to

be

rebuilt

B.

will

be

rebuild

C.

are

going

to

be

rebuilt

D.

will

rebuild

(

)27Now

these

magazines___

in

the

library

for

a

long

time.

A.

have

kept

B.

are

keeping

C.

have

been

keeping

D.

have

been

kept

(

)28The

pot

___

for

___

hot

water.

A.

used;

keeping

B.

was

used;

keeping

C.

is

used;

to

keep

D.

are

used;

keep

(

)29Tea

___

in

the

south

of

China.

A.

grows

B.

is

grown

C.

were

grown

D.

will

grow

(

)30

The

bridges___

two

years

ago.

A.

is

built

B.

built

C.

were

built

D.

was

built

【Key】

1---5

BDDDC

6—10

BCBBC

11---15AABBA

16--20BABDB

21---25BADAA

26---30ADBBC

6