高三英语非谓语动词格式化结构总结

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高三英语非谓语动词的格式化结构总结 本文关键词：英语，动词，格式化，结构，非谓语

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非谓语动词的格式化结构总结

非谓语动词的教学是我们高中英语语法教学的重点和难点之一，既涉及到时态、语态知识，又涉及到句子成分等问题，还牵涉到谓语和非谓语的区别等。在平时的教学过程中，学生解答这类题目时常采用找非谓语动词与句子相关成分的逻辑关系和非谓语动作先后的方法来解决的，逻辑关系确定非谓语的语态形式，动作发生的先后确定非谓语的时态形式。例：

1.Peter

received

a

letter

just

now

saying

his

grandma

would

come

to

see

him

soon.(saying的分词短语作a

letter的定语，两者之间是主谓的逻辑关系。)

2.It

took

a

long

time

for

the

connection

between

body

temperature

and

illness

to

be

made.(It

took…to

do

为固定句式，不定式作主语，make

a

connection中make与connection之间是动宾的逻辑关系，→It

took

a

long

time

for

us

to

make

the

connection

between

body

temperature

and

illness.)

但在我们教学的过程中，不难发现有些题目学生用找逻辑关系的方法很难解决问题或者说有些题目中非谓语动词与句子的相关成分根本就不存在逻辑关系。例：

1.

A

and

guilty,He

put

the

book

back

on

the

shelf

she

had

secretly

placed

in

her

schoolbag.

A.

Frightened

B.

Frightening

C.

Being

frightened

D.

to

be

frightening

(学生在A、B、C中难以取舍，片面地认为“他害怕”是主动的逻辑关系而选B或者认为这里的frighten还是一种行为而选C)

2.Technologinally

A,China’s

Chang-e

project

does

better

than

any

earlier

project

of

the

same

kind.

A.

speaking

B.

spoken

C.

speak

D.

to

speak(这里的主语China’s

Chang-e

project与speaking之间没有逻辑关系，而学生则因思维定势习惯地认为“工程被说”是被动，很可能选B.)

针对上述情况，笔者把一些与非谓语动词有关的固定结构归纳在一起，形成了一些固定格式——非谓语动词格式化结构：

一.“Get

＋过去分词”结构

在这一结构中，get与be一样表被动，就是该过去分词的被动意义，但表示的是动作，而并非状态。

1.Having

been

caught

cheating

in

the

exam,he

got

punished.

2.There

is

no

time

for

you

to

B

for

the

ball.

A.

be

dressed

B.

get

dressed

C.

get

dressing

D.

dress

3.Be

careful

when

you

cross

this

very

busy

street.

If

not,you

may

B

run

over

by

a

car.

A.

have

B.

get

C.

become

D.

turn

常见用在这一结构的过去分词有：get

lost/paid/separated/damaged/run

/punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。运用这一结构要训练学生把get

sth.

doing

/get

sth.

done/get

sth.

to

do等区分开来。例：

4.You

know

he

is

not

going

to

let

us

leave

early

if

the

work

can’t

B

done.

A.

got

B.

be

got

C.

have

got

D.

be

getting(本题是Get

sth.

done结构，即if

we

can’t

get

the

work

done)

5.Let

me

try

now,the

car

will

be

got

C

.

A.

started

B.

to

start

C.

starting

D.

start

(本题是Get

sth.

doing结构，即I’ll

get

the

car

starting.)

6.In

a

time

of

social

reform,people’s

state

of

mind

should

be

got

B

pace

with

the

rapid

changes

of

society.

A.

kept

B.

to

keep

C.

to

be

kept

D.

keeping(本题是get

sb.

to

do结构，即people

should

get

their

state

of

mind

to

keep

pace

with

the

changes

of

society.)

总结：

get

done(与句子主语是被动关系)

get

sb./sth.

doing(doing作宾补，与宾语是主动关系)

get

sb./sth.

done（done作宾补，与宾语是被动关系）

get

sb.

to

do（“叫…去做”，未发生动作）

二.在“be＋状态动词的过去分词＋介词”

在这一结构中，过去分词往往形容词化，没有动作意义，说明主语存在的状态，只有done形式，如：be

buried

in/be

lost

in/be

known

as/be

covered

with/be

crowded

with等等，碰到这类短语作状语好或定语时，去掉动词be就用。

1.She

has

a

face

marked

with

worries.(她满脸愁容)

2.He

spent

the

whole

day

C

in

his

study.

A.

locking

B.

being

locked

C.

locked

D.

to

lock（不可与spend

sb.

time

in

doing

sth.混淆。）

3.

A

with

so

much

trouble,we

failed

to

complete

the

task

on

time.

A.

Faced

B.

Face

C.

Facing

D.

Having

faced

总结：但在这些词组中，要区分分词是表状态还是表动作，不可混为一谈。例：

4.①

C

to

her

son

all

these

years,she

has

no

moment

to

rest

for.

②

D

his

energies

to

being

crazy

about

going

on-line

at

college,he

can’t

find

a

job.

A.

To

be

devoted

B.

Devoting

C.

Devoted

D.

Having

devoted

(②中devote

后有宾语的存在，不可能表状态，只能表动作，找逻辑关系—主动，动作完成，选D)

5.①

C

just

an

hour’s

ride

from

Beijing,the

small

town

is

a

paradise(乐园)

for

tourists

a

home

and

abroad.

②

B

the

tower

in

a

wild

park,they

made

it

a

paradise

for

tourists

at

home

and

abroad.

A.

Locating

B.

Having

located

C.

Located

D.

To

be

located

三.状语从句中省略与非谓语形式

在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语相同或从句是it

is＋adj.时，常把主语和be动词省略，之后形成以下的固定结构，在平时训练时，告诉学生可以直接在下面的三种形式中做选择。

to

do

(动作未发性)

When/while/unless/if/

though/as

if

/no

mater

how…＋

doing

（与主语之间是主动关系）

done（与主语之间是被动关系）

1.When

C

different

cultures,we

often

pay

attention

to

the

differences

without

noticing

the

many

similarities.

即：When

(we

are)

comparing

different

cultures的省略句。

A.

compared

B.

being

compared

C.

comparing

D.

having

compared

2.When

D

help,one

often

says

“Thank

you.”

or

“It’s

kind

of

you.”

即：When

(one

is)offered

help的省略句。

A.

offering

B.

to

offer

C.

to

be

offered

D.

offered

3.①The

man

we

followed

suddenly

stopped

and

looked

as

if

D

whether

he

was

going

to

the

right

direction.

即：as

if

(he

is

going

)

to

see

whether

he

was

going

to

the

right

direction

的省略句。

②Contrast

may

make

something

more

beautiful

than

it

is

when

C

alone.

即：when

(something

is)seen

alone的省略句。

A.

seeing

B.

having

seen

C.

seen

D.

to

see

总结：在这一结构中，要注意的是主句的主语与从句的主语一定是一致的，否者只能用状语从句。

4.—What’s

the

trouble

with

you?

—

D

the

heavy

suitcase,my

waist

was

hurt

unexpectedly.

A.

While

carrying

B.

carried

C.

carrying

D

While

I

was

carrying

5.①The

idea

for

the

machine

came

to

Mr

Baker

C

to

his

invention

recently.

②Mr.

Black

had

an

idea

for

the

machine

A/B/C

to

his

invention

recently.

A.

while

devoted

B.

while

devoting

himself

C.

while

he

was

devoted

D.

while

devoting

四.With/without＋名词（代词）＋非谓语

这一结构一般作伴随状语、原因状语和定语成分，在这一结构中，非谓语与with/without后的名词、代词有主动或被动的逻辑关系。

1.—Come

on,please

give

me

some

ideas

about

the

project.

—Sorry.

With

so

much

work

Ｂ

my

mind,I

almost

break

down.

A.

filled

B.

filling

C.

to

fill

D.

being

filled

总结：

to

do（表示未发性动作）

With/without＋名词/代词＋

doing/being

done(表示动作正在进行)

done(表示完成被动)

２.①John

received

an

invitation

to

dinner,and

with

his

work

Ａ,he

gladly

accepted

it.

②

John

received

an

invitation

to

dinner,but

with

his

work

Ｄ,he

couldn’t

accept

it.

A.

finished

B.

finishing

C.

having

finished

D.

to

finish

3.With

more

trees

D,huge

quantities

of

good

earth

are

being

washed

away

each

year.

A.

destroying

B.

to

be

destroyed

C.

having

destroyed

D.

being

destroyed

五.常见作状语的非谓语独立成分

generally/honestly/frankly/strictly/exactly

speaking;

judging

from

/by;

concerning(关于，有关);

considering(就…而论，照…看来);

supposing(万一；假定);

allowing

for(考虑到…);

seeing

that(由于，因为);

speaking

of;

talking

about;

taking…into

consideration;

to

tell

the

truth,to

be

frank/honest;

to

make

things/matters

worse,to

begin

with;

to

be

brief,to

say

nothing

of(更不用说)；to

conclude(总之，最后)

…

1.He

did

poorly

in

his

examination,considering

how

hard

he

studied.

就他学习的努力程度来看，他这次考得很糟糕。

2.

He

asked

me

questions

concerning

my

health.

他问了我一些问题，是有关我健康方面的。

3.

C,the

more

expensive

the

camera,the

better

its

quality.

A.

General

speaking

B.

Speaking

general

C.

Generally

speaking

D.

Speaking

generally

对以上结构归纳总结，强化训练，使学生对这些结构有一种本能的反应，从而对非谓语动词这一语法知识的掌握更加系统化、条理化、结构化、程序化，有利于非谓语教学的拓宽,为教学非谓语独立主格结构打下基础。

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篇2：非谓语专题总结

非谓语专题总结 本文关键词：专题，非谓语

非谓语专题总结 本文简介：高中英语语法专题总结（三）非谓语专题总结08.04一、非谓语的组成部分：｛1、不定式2、动名词3、分词（现在；过去）｝二、非谓语各个组成部分的作用：成分形式主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√三、不定式用法要点整理：一般式：todo１、时态：

非谓语专题总结 本文内容：

高中英语语法专题总结（三）

非谓语专题总结

08.04

一、非谓语的组成部分：｛1、不定式

2、动名词

3、分词（现在；过去）｝

二、非谓语各个组成部分的作用：

成

分

形

式

主语

宾语

宾语补足语

表语

定语

状语

不定式

√

√

√

√

√

√

动名词

√

√

√

√

现在分词

√

√

√

√

过去分词

√

√

√

√

三、不定式用法要点整理：

一般式：to

do

１、时态：

进行式：to

be

doing

完成式：to

have

done

完成进行式：to

have

been

doing

一般式：to

be

done

２、被动语态：

完成式：to

have

been

done

3、例句：

1、To

study

English

is

very

necessary.（主语，一般式）

2、She

pretended

not

to

see

me

when

I

passed

by.（宾语，一般式）

3、I

heard

her

sing

an

English

song

just

now.（宾语补足语，一般式）

4、His

duty

is

to

look

after

the

baby.（表语，一般式）

5、*I

have

much

knowledge

to

learn.（定语，一般式）

6、He

sat

down

to

have

a

rest.（目的状语，一般式）

7、My

grandma

lived

to

see

the

New

China.

（结果状语，一般式）

8、To

be

criticized

by

others

is

a

shame.（主语，一般式被动）

9、Nobody

likes

to

be

laughed

at

in

public.（宾语，一般式被动）

10、He

was

heard

to

sing

a

song

just

now.（宾语补足语，一般式被动）

11、This

suggestion

is

allowed

to

be

discussed.（表语，一般式被动）

12、I

have

something

to

be

taken

to

your

mum

by

you.（定语，一般式被动）

13、He

did

a

good

deed

to

be

praised

by

teachers.（目的状语，一般式被动）

14、He

stole

others’

belongings

to

be

caught

at

last.（结果状语，一般式被动）

15、The

boy

pretended

to

be

reading

when

his

mum

came

in.（宾语，进行式）

16、I

am

glad

to

have

worked

with

you.（宾语，完成式）

17、I

am

happy

to

have

been

invited

to

your

party.（宾语，完成式被动）

18、He

is

excited

to

have

been

playing

with

you

today.（宾语，完成进行式）

4、不定式充当成分特殊要点整理：

㈠不定式作宾语特殊用法要点：

①下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请记牢下面的口诀：

“决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮帮忙。”

Decide,determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help

此外，afford,strive等也要用不定式作宾语。

②动词不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find

out等词的宾语时，前面常带wh—引导词。即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+to

do。但why+不带to的不定式.

注意：此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需要与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。如：

Eg:I

don’t

know

what

to

do=(I

don’t

know

what

I’ll

do?)

Can

you

tell

me

why

do

it?

③动词不定式在介词后面时，如果介词之前面有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在can’t

choose

but,can’t

help

but,can’t

but后面的不定式也要省略to。如：

Eg:

①We

could

do

nothing

but/other

than

wait.

②We

had

nothing

to

do

but/other

than

wait.

③We

have

no

choice

but

to

wait.

④I

can’t

choose

but

laugh.

㈡不定式作宾语补足语特殊用法要点：

下列动词后跟带to的不定式作状语：

Advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,like

invite,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,think,wait

for,call

on,depend

on等。

Eg:The

teacher

asked

us

not

to

make

so

much

noise.

②下列动词在主动语态中不带to的不定式作状语，但在被动语态中要加上to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look

at,see,watch,notice,observe）；3使（make,let,have）；2听（listen

to,hear）；1感觉（feel）。

㈢不定式作定语特殊用法要点：

①不定式作定语：

1、作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词。Eg:Please

give

me

a

knife

to

cut

with.

Here

is

paper

for

you

to

write

on.

但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省略。

Eg:He

had

no

money

and

no

place

to

live(in)

2、当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：

Have

you

anything

to

send?你有什么东西要寄吗？

（不定式to

send的动作执行者时“你”）

Have

you

anything

to

be

sent?

（不定式to

be

sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）

3、不定式作定语的几种情况：

⑴Eg:I

borrowed

some

books

to

read

during

my

holiday.

⑵用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any的功能限定的中心词。

Eg①:She

was

the

first

woman

to

win

the

gold

medal

in

the

Olymipic

Games.

②:He

was

the

best

man

to

do

the

job.

⑶用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability,chance,idea,Fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。

Eg:Do

you

have

ability

to

read

and

write

English?

㈣不定式作状语特殊用法要点：

①某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语，后跟不定式表示原因。

Eg:I

am

glad

to

see

you.

②在句子中含有enough或too句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示结果。

Eg：He

was

too

excited

to

say

a

word.

She

was

old

enough

to

go

to

school.

③注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in

order

to（为了）或so

as

to（以便）+动词原形。So

as

to

不用于句首。

Eg:The

bus

stopped

so

as

to

pick

up

passengers.

用it做形式主语，构成:It’s+adj.+(for

sb.)+to

do

sth.

四、动名词用法要点整理：

第一部分：知识结构

时态：一般式:doing

完成式:having

done

第二部分：例句

1、Studying

English

is

very

important

nowdays.（一般式作主语）

2、I

began

studying

English

when

I

was

a

kid.（一般式作宾语）

3、My

job

is

teaching

English.（一般式作表语）

第三部分：动名词充当成分特殊要点整理

㈠动名词作主语用法特殊要点：

动名词和不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。

no

use/good

It

is/was

not

any

use/good

+doing

sth.

of

little

use/good

useless

Eg：It

is

no

use

crying

over

spilt

milk.覆水难收。

It

is

of

little

good

staying

up

too

late

every

day.

㈡动名词作宾语用法特殊要点：

1、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请记牢下面的口诀：

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不仅介意准逃亡。

Consider,suggest/advise,look

forward

to,excuse/pardon;

Admit,delay/put

off,fancy;

Aviod,miss,keep/keep

on,practise;

Deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;

Forbid,imagine,risk;

Can’t

help,mind,allow/permit,escape.

2、动名词的复合结构：

Eg:

1、Would

you

mind

turning

off

the

light.

2、Would

you

mind

my

turning

off

the

light.

例句1中的具体解释是：你帮我关灯，介意吗？

例句2中的具体解释是：我关灯你介意吗？

我们就会发现这两个句子中动名词的逻辑主语与句子的真正主语是两个不同的对象时，这种现象被称为动名词的复合结构。习惯要求，动名词的逻辑主语的人称代词改用其所有格的形式，但是如果人称代词在句子中作的是宾语，人称代词用其宾格形式也可以，但是“人名”不可以。

Eg:She

insisted

on

my/me

giving

a

lecture

to

her

students.

五、分词用法要点整理

分词的组成部分：现在分词being+done;done。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用v.ing；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系时且表正在进行时，用being+done；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。

Eg：The

houses

being

built

are

for

the

teachers.

The

broken

glass

is

Tom’s.

②作定语的不及物动词分词形式为：v.ing和done。V.ing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。

Eg：falling

leaves/fallen

leaves;boiling

water/boiled

water

㈡分词作状语用法特殊要点整理：

①

分词作状语形式的选择：

形式

意义

v.ing(doing)

与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，语句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。

Having

+v.ed(having

done)

与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。

v.+ed(done)

与句中谓语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

Being+v.+ed(being

done)

语句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。

Having

been

+v.+ed(having

been

done)

语句中主语构成功能逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。

②分词作状语的基本原则：

分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

分词作状语必须和句中含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。

③分词作状语的句法功能：

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可以由连词while或when引出。

Eg:Hearing

the

news,they

got

excited.（时间）

Given

a

chance,I

can

surprise

the

world.（条件）

The

cup

dropped

to

the

ground,breaking

into

pieces.（结果）

④独立成分作状语：

有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。

常见的有：generally

speaking（一般说来）,saving（除了，除非），

frankly

speaking（坦白地说），judging

from（根据…来判断）等。

Considering/seeing（考虑到…），supposing（即使）等等。

六、非谓语动词用法综合整理

⑴分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别

1、感官动词see,watch,observe,look

at,hear,listen

to,notice,等和使役动词have后面的宾语补足语有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。

Eg:

I

heard

her

sing

an

English

song

just

now.

I

heard

her

singing

an

English

song

when

I

passed

by

her

room

yesterday.

I

heard

the

English

song

sung

many

times.

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语表完成和状态。

Eg:I

look

down

at

my

neck

and

found

my

necklace

gone.（状态）

I

was

surprised

to

find

my

hometown

changed

so

much.（完成）

2、leave后接三种形式作宾语补足语时，其中的leave保留了原来的意思“留下”，但表达的确切的意思应是“使…处于某种状态”。

Sb.doing

sth.让某人一直做某事

（宾语和宾语补足语之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。）

Leave

sth.undone留下某事未做

（宾语和宾语补足语之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多。）

sb.to

do

sth.留下某人做某事

sb.to

be

done留下某事要做

（不定式表示将来的动作）

Eg:It’s

wrong

of

you

to

leave

the

machine

running.（主动）

The

guests

left

most

of

the

dishes

untouched,because

they

didn’t

taste

delicious.（用主动形式表示被动）

He

left,leaving

me

to

do

all

the

rest

work.（主动，将来）

We

hurriedly

ended

our

meeting,leaving

many

problems

to

be

settled.（被动，将来）

3、have,get后接三种形式作宾语时，其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”的意思。

①have

sth.done=get

sth.done“使/让某事让别人去做”。

Eg:I

have

had

my

hair

cut.

此外，have

sth.done还表示“使遭受…”的意思。

Eg:Tom

had

his

leg

broken

while

playing

football.

have

sb./sth.doing

使/让某人/物持续地做某事

②

（现在分词表示主动，正在进行）

get

sb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来

Eg:The

captain

got

the

soldiers

moving

towards

the

front

after

a

short

rest.

注意：have

sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”的意思。

Eg:I

won’t

have

you

speaking

to

your

parents

like

that.

have

sb.do

sth.

③

使/让/叫某人去做某事

get

sb.

to

do

sth.

Eg:Mother

had

me

go

to

the

shop

and

bought

some

salt.

⑵不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别：

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。

Eg:Have

you

read

the

novel

written

by

Dickens?

He

is

a

man

loved

and

respected

by

all.

现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是于谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

Eg:Listen!The

song

being

sung

is

very

popular

with

the

students.

不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。

Eg:The

question

to

be

discussed

at

the

tomorrow’s

meeting

is

a

very

important

one.

⑶下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。

1、forget

to

do

sth.忘记去做某事

doing

sth.忘记已经做过某事

remember

to

do

sth.记住去做某事

doing

sth.记住曾经做过某事

regret

to

do

sth.后悔去做某事

doing

sth.后悔做过某事

stop

to

do

sth.停下来去做另一件事

doing

sth.停下来做某事

try

to

do

sth.竭尽全力做某事

doing

sth.尝试做某事

mean

to

do

sth.想要做某事

doing

sth.意味着做某事

go

on

to

do

sth.继续做另外一件事

doing

sth.继续做同一件事

can’t

help

to

do

sth.不能帮助做某事

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事

Eg:——You

were

brave

enough

to

raise

objections

at

the

meeting.

——Well,now

I

regret

having

done

that.

2、动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词、如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。

Eg:I

like

swimming,but

I

don’t

like

to

swim

this

afternoon.

3、在动词allow/advise/forbid/permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词做宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

doing

sth.

Allow/advise/forbid/permit

sb.

to

do

sth.

Eg:

We

don’t

allow

smoking

here.

We

don’t

allow

students

to

smoke

here.

4、动词need,require,want作“需要”时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be

worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need表“需要”，require表“要求”，want表“想要”这些意义时，其后接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。

Need/require/want

doing/to

be

done

sb.to

do

sth.

+n.（表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词）

to

do

be

worth

It’s

worth

(one’s)

while

doing

doing

of

being

done

be

worthy

of

+n.

值得……

to

be

done

cleaning.

Eg:The

windows

need/require/wants

to

be

cleaned.

The

book

written

by

Zhang

Ailing

is

worth

reading.

⑷疑问词+不定式结构：

疑问词（who,which,when,where,how

what等）+不定式，这个结构在句中起名次作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。

Eg:I

didn’t

know

what

to

do?（宾语）

When

to

hold

the

meeting

is

not

known

yet.（主语）

My

question

was

how

to

get

so

many

books.（表语）

注意句型：Why

not

do

sth.?

Why

do

sth.?

⑸不定式的主动和被动：

1、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系，不定式往往用主动形式。

Eg:Do

you

have

a

knife

to

cut

the

watermelon?

2、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句助于构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。

Eg:

She

has

a

sister

to

look

after.

3、不定式做表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for

sb.

Eg:

This

is

difficult

to

understand.

This

kind

of

fish

is

nice

to

eat.

4、在there

be结构中，当说话人考虑的事必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。

Eg:There

is

a

lot

of

work

to

be

done.

请注意下面两个句子的含义的不同点：

There

is

nothing

to

do.（无事可做，表达的情感是感到十分乏味。）

There

is

nothing

to

be

done.（某东西坏了，表达的情感是无法使之恢复正常。）

⑹不定式符号to的保留问题：

有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代表前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try;或出现在be

glad/happy,would

like/love等后面。

如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have

been,这些词要保留。

Eg:——I

haven’t

been

to

Hong

Kong,but

I

wish

to.

——Are

you

on

holiday?

——No,but

I’d

like

to

be.

16

篇3：20XX高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句

2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文关键词：动词，复合句，情态，限时，语气

2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文简介：专项限时训练(十一)[情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句](限时：每篇5分钟)一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1.________(be)notsomuchhomework,Iwouldhavemoretim

2014高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句 本文内容：

专项限时训练(十一)

[情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句]

(限时：每篇5分钟)

一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点

I

am

a

middle

school

student.

I

have

many

dreams.

If

there

1.________

(be)

not

so

much

homework,I

would

have

more

time

to

do

what

I

like

to

do.

How

I

wish

I

2.________

(listen)

to

my

favourite

music

for

an

hour

a

day

and

3.________

(play)

table

tennis

for

an

hour

in

the

morning.

It

s

my

desire

that

we

4.________

(hold)

evening

parties

or

5.________

(organize)

some

interesting

activities

at

weekend.

I

suggest

that

there

6.________

(be)

not

so

many

tests.

You

can

imagine

what

life

7.________

(will)

be

if

I8.________

(realize)

my

dream.

But

I

must

face

the

exams.

Without

good

marks,I

9.________

(will)

not

enter

my

ideal

university.

Anyway,it

s

high

time

that

I

10.________

(encourage)

myself

and

worked

hard

from

now

on.

二、不定式考点

Dear

Editors，

My

name

is

Adam

Rouse.

I

m

19

years

old

and

I

used

1.________

(be)

a

heavy

smoker.

I

first

started

2.________

(smoke)

when

I

was

only

15

although

I

know

it

is

very

harmful

3.________

(smoke)

at

any

time.

I

read

your

magazine

and

know

that

there

are

some

organizations

4.________

(help)people

stop

smoking.

Participants

learn

5.________

(recognise)

smoking

triggers

and

they

try

6.________

(set)

a

date

in

the

future

when

they

will

stop

7.________

(smoke)on

purpose.

Now,I

am

looking

for

some

ideas

8.________

(help)

myself

9.________

(give)

up

smoking

and

I

expect

myself

10.________

(accept)

as

a

member

of

your

organizations.

Yours

sincerely，

Li

Lei

三、分词考点

Many

years

ago,a

young

foreigner

1.________

(call)

Marco

Polo

travelled

all

the

way

from

Italy

to

China.

From

then

on

a

window

to

the

east

has

been

2.________

(open)

for

westerners.

Two

kinds

of

gold

coins

once

3.________

(make)

by

Europeans

showed

their

respects

to

the

great

explorer.

Marco

Polo

was

4.________

(bear)

in

1254.

He

lived

in

Venice,a

rich

city

in

Italy.

Marco

s

father

and

uncle

were

merchants.

They

had

travelled

to

the

east.

So

when

Marco

was

young,he

enjoyed

5.________

(listen)

to

the

stories

about

the

places

6.________

(visit)

by

his

father.

His

father

decided

7.________

(take)

him

on

a

trip.

When

Marco

Polo

was

just

17,he

left

his

country

for

China.

They

were

among

the

first

to

go

along

the

silk

road.

They

had

a

lot

of

trouble

in

8.________(explore).

So

it

was

a

hard

trip

for

Marco

Polo,but

he

was

very

brave.

After

about

four

years,Marco

met

Kublai

Khan

who

gave

him

a

job.

Marco

spent

17

years

9.________

(work)

for

him.

He

visited

most

parts

of

China.

He

learned

lots

of

10.________

(interest)

things

about

Chinese

life.

When

he

returned

home,he

let

others

know

about

things

like

coal

and

paper

money.

He

wrote

about

his

trip

in

a

famous

book.

四、动名词考点

Everyone

needs

friends.

There

is

an

old

1.________

(say):

friends

are

God

s

way

of

2.________

(take)

care

of

us.

But

how

do

you

find

real

friendship

and

keep

it?

The

Care

and

Keeping

of

Friends

by

American

author

Sally

Seamans

tells

young

students

some

smart

ways

of

3.________

(find)

friends.

Sally

says

4.________

(arrive)

at

friendship

is

just

like

5.________

(plant)

a

tree.

You

plant

the

seed

and

take

care

of

it

to

make

it

grow.

First,you

should

choose

a

friend.

What

makes

a

good

friend?

It

is

not

because

a

person

has

money

or

good

looks.

A

good

friend

should

be

kind

and

patient.

For

example,if

you

have

a

hard

day,a

good

friend

should

listen

to

your

complaints

and

do

their

best

6.________

(help).

To

make

a

friend,you

cannot

be

too

shy.

You

should

make

each

other

happy

and

share

your

life.

But

things

can

t

always

be

happy.

Even

the

best

friends

have

fights.

What

should

you

do

when

you

have

a

fight

with

your

friends?

You

have

to

talk

to

them.

When

there

is

no

one

around,have

an

honest

talk.

If

he

or

she

doesn

t

want

7.________

(talk),you

could

write

a

letter.

Sally

says

there

are

three

steps

to

8.________

(be)

friends

again.

Tell

him

or

her

how

you

are

feeling,say

what

your

friend

has

done

wrong,and

explain

why

you

did

this

or

that.

The

book

also

has

advice

on

some

small

but

important

things

like

9.________

(celebrate)

your

friends

success.

Even

if

you

haven

t

had

a

real

friend

before,you

will

start

10.________

(think)

of

having

one

if

you

read

this

book,because

the

book

tells

that

friendship

is

the

most

important

thing

in

your

life.

五、名词性从句考点

Three

years

had

passed

and

things

were

even

worse

than

before.

One

can

hardly

imagine

1.________

the

poor

people

suffered.

Most

of

the

workers

lost

their

jobs

and

in

order

to

provide

for

their

families

they

sold

everything

2.________

they

had

in

their

houses.

They

could

neither

get

food

nor

clothing.

Many

of

them

fell

ill

and

died.

Now

they

began

to

understand

3.________

the

factory

owners

were

their

enemies.

But

they

believed

that

4.________

the

government

knew

5.________

hard

their

conditions

were,they

would

give

them

some

help.

In

a

meeting

they

decided

6.________

they

should

send

some

of

their

men

to

London

to

tell

the

government

of

the

truth.

Jackson

was

chosen

to

be

one

of

them

to

go

to

the

capital.

He

felt

proud

7.________

he

could

do

something

for

his

friends.

A

few

days

later,when

Jackson

came

back

from

London

and

was

asked

to

tell

about

8.________

had

happened

there,he

replied

in

a

low

voice,“I

will

never

forget

9.________

we

workers

were

treated

there,and

I

will

never

forgive

those

who

refused

to

hear

us.

Friends,let

us

do

all

we

can

to

struggle

against

the

capitalists

and

the

government

10.________

supports

them.”

六、定语从句考点

Some

day,if

you

are

lucky,you

may

see

a

bongo.

But

the

only

way

1.________

most

people

will

see

it

is

in

a

zoo.

They

are

found

in

Africa,2.________

they

lived

deep

in

forests.

Even

in

Africa,very

few

people

ever

get

to

see

a

bongo.

The

bongo

does

not

come

out

of

the

forest

very

often.

It

is

an

animal

3.________

keeps

to

itself.

The

bongo

has

beautiful

colouring.

Its

hair

is

bright

brown

mixed

with

orange

and

red.

Down

its

back

and

across

its

sides

the

bongo

has

yellow-white

strips.

Animals

4.________

look

for

food

at

night

usually

have

big

eyes.

This

helps

them

see

better

at

night.

The

forests

in

5.________

bongos

live

are

very

dark.

The

eyes

of

bongos

are

very

big.

So,they

have

not

trouble

in

living

in

the

darkness.

Bongos

in

zoos

do

not

like

to

go

outside

on

bright

days.

They

only

go

outside

on

those

days

when

it

is

dark

or

very

cloudy.

七、状语从句考点

Two

travelling

angels

stopped

to

spend

the

night

in

the

home

of

a

wealthy

family.

The

family

was

rude

and

refused

to

let

the

angels

stay

in

the

mansion

s

guestroom.

Instead

the

angels

were

given

a

small

space

in

the

cold

basement.

1.________

they

made

their

bed

on

the

hard

floor,the

older

angel

saw

a

hole

in

the

wall

and

repaired

it.

When

the

younger

angel

asked

2.________，

the

older

angel

replied,“Things

aren

t

always

3.________they

seem.”

The

next

night

the

pair

came

to

rest

at

the

house

of

a

very

poor,4.________

very

hospitable

farmer

and

his

wife.

After

sharing

what

little

food

they

had，the

couple

let

the

angels

sleep

in

their

bed

5.________

they

could

have

a

good

night

s

rest.

6.________

the

sun

came

up

the

next

morning

the

angels

found

the

farmer

and

his

wife

in

tears.

Their

only

cow,7.________milk

had

been

their

sole

income,lay

dead

in

the

field.

The

younger

angel

was

infuriated

and

asked

the

older

angel,“How

could

you

have

let

this

happen？”

“The

first

man

had

everything,yet

you

helped

him，”

she

accused.

“The

second

family

had

little

8.________

was

willing

to

share

everything

and

you

let

the

cow

die.”

“Things

aren

t

always

what

they

seem,”

the

older

angel

replied.“9.________

we

stayed

in

the

basement

of

the

mansion,I

noticed

there

was

gold

stored

in

the

hole

in

the

wall.

10.________

the

owner

was

so

obsessed

with

greed

and

unwilling

to

share

his

good

fortune,I

sealed

the

wall

and

he

wouldn

t

find

it.

Then

last

night

as

we

slept

in

the

farmer

s

bed,the

angel

of

death

came

to

his

wife.

I

asked

God

if

the

angel

could

take

the

cow

instead.”

八、复合句考点

Gandhi

was

honoured

as

the

father

of

the

Indian

nation.

He

has

been

respected

and

beloved

by

the

Indians

with

the

belief

1.________

he

is

an

Indian

national

hero.

He

was

born

in

India

in

1869.

2.________

is

recorded,he

got

married

at

the

age

of

13,following

the

local

custom.

In

1888

he

sailed

to

England,3.________

he

studied

law

for

three

years

and

became

a

lawyer.

4.________

his

return

to

India,he

was

sent

to

South

Africa

to

work

on

a

law

case.

In

South

Africa

he

was

surprised

to

find

5.________

the

problem

of

racial

discrimination

was

serious.

There

he

formed

an

organization

and

this

was

6.________

he

started

to

fight

for

equal

rights.

Gandhi

returned

to

India

in

1915,7.________

India

was

controlled

by

the

British.

He

led

the

Indians

to

fight

for

an

end

to

the

British

rule

and

independence

for

his

country.

8.________

in

the

political

movement

many

Indians

including

Gandhi

were

put

in

prison

and

it

was

still

not

sure9.________

they

could

gain

independence,the

struggles

never

stopped.

The

British

government

had

to

give

in

and

India

won

its

independence

in

1947.

Unfortunately,Gandhi

was

shot

by

an

Indian

10.________

opposed

his

views

and

died

on

January

30th,1948.班

级____________

姓

名____________

专项限时训练(十一)

一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点

1．were

2.listened

3.played

4.(should)

hold

5．(should)

organize

6.(should)

be

7.would

8．realized/

should

realize/

were

to

realize

9.would

10．encouraged

二、不定式考点

1．to

be

2.smoking/to

smoke

3.to

smoke

4.to

help

5．to

recognise

6.to

set

7.smoking

8.to

help

9．(to)give

10.to

be

accepted

三、分词考点

1．called

2.opened

3.made

4.born

5.listening

6．visited

7.to

take

8.exploring

9.working

10．interesting

四、动名词考点

1．saying

2.taking

3.finding

4.arriving

5.planting

6．to

help

7.to

talk

8.being

9.celebrating

10．thinking/to

think

五、名词性从句考点

1．how

2.that

3.that

4.if

5.how

6.that

7.that

8.what

9.how

10.that

六、定语从句考点

1．that

2.where

3.that/which

4.that/which

5.which

七、状语从句考点

1．As/When

2.why

3.what

4.but

5.where

6．When

7.whose

8.but

9.When

10.Since/Because

八、复合句考点

1．that

2.As

3.where

4.On/After

5.that

6.how

7．when

8.Though/Although

9.whether

10.who