电大《人文英语4》形成性考核3解析

时间：2020-06-02 17:34:11 来源：蒲公英阅读网 本文已影响人

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　第三单元

　一、选择填空，从 A A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 题 10 分）

　题目 1 1 - Good morning, sir. May I help you? -__________.

　 正确答案是：Yes, I need some salt. 题目 2 2 -Can you go out with us for dinner this evening? -__________.

　 选择一项：

　正确答案是：Thanks a lot, but I"m busy tonight. 题目 3 3 I don"t know the park, but it"s _________ to be quite beautiful.

　 译文：我不了解这公园，但据说很美。

　正确答案是：said 题目 4 4 Although he did not know London well, he made his way _____ to the airport.

　 译文：虽然他不怎么熟悉伦敦，但她很方便就到了机场。

　正确答案是：easily enough 题目 5 5 Two thousand dollars ____ enough for the car.

　 译文：两千美圆对这辆车来说足够了。

　正确答案是：is

　题目 1 1 -These are certainly beautiful flowers. Thank you very much. -_________.

　 正确答案是：It"s my pleasure.

　题目 2 2 -Excuse me, where is Dr Smith"s office? -________.

　 正确答案是：Sorry, I don"t know. But you can ask the man over there. 题目 3 3 Mike is better than Peter ________ swimming.

　 译文：Mike 比 Peter 更擅长游泳 正确答案是：at 题目 4 4 Is the library ________ now? No, it"s ______.

　 译文：图书馆现在开了吗？没有，关着。

　正确答案是：open; closed 题目 5 5 They have learned about _____in recent years.

　 译文：最近几年他们学了成千=百上千的英语单词。

　正确答案是：hundreds of English words

　题目 1 1 – I didn"t know my identity card was needed, sir.

　– ________________________________

　 正确答案是：Sorry, but that"s no excuse. 题目 2 2 -Excuse me, where is Dr Smith"s office? -________.

　 正确答案是：Sorry, I don"t know. But you can ask the man over there. 题目 3 3 The baby is hungry, but there"s ________ milk in the bottle.

　 译文：这婴儿饿了，但瓶子里没有牛奶了。

　正确答案是：little

　题目 4 4 Nancy is ________ girl.

　 译文：Nancy 是一名 18 岁的女孩。

　正确答案是：an eighteen-year-old 题目 5 5 Although he did not know London well, he made his way _____ to the airport.

　 译文：虽然他不怎么熟悉伦敦，但她很方便就到了机场。

　正确答案是：easily enough

　 题目 3 3

　Do you know the man _______ under the apple tree? 译文：你认识躺在苹果树下的男人吗？ 正确答案是：lying

　 题目 3 3 Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ________ his mind.

　 译文：Harry 期末考试中失利了，他很担心 正确答案是：on

　二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequality. Liu Hui: Thank you, Dr. Smith, for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly. First, what do you mean by educational inequality?

　Dr. Smith: Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students. But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts. Liu Hui: Why does it exist in modern society?

　Dr. Smith: Well, researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic, racial and geographic reasons. Liu Hui: So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries.

　Dr. Smith: Yeah, you are right. For example, in the United States, although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, it is evident in education. Liu Hui: Educational inequality exists in China, too. For example, the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces. How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality? Dr. Smith: It"s impossible to answer such a big question in few words. Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays. There have been numerous attempts at reforms and..... 1. Well, researchers link educational inequality to 回答 A. socioeconomic, racial and educational reasons B. racial, economic and geographic reasons

　C. racial, socioeconomic and geographic reasons 2. According to the passage, 回答 A. in the United States, skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, but not in education B. in the United States, skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in education C. in the United States, skin color is linked to the inequality in education 3. Educational inequality exists in 回答 A. China only B. many countries

　C. all the countries

　4. What does the word “eradicate” mean in the passage? 回答 A. get rid of B. cope with

　C. carry out 5. What"s the attitude of Dr. Smith to the future of education equality? 回答 A. reserved B. positive

　C. negative 反馈

　答案：1.C 2.C 3. C 4. A 5. B 解析：

　1. 从 Well, researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic, racial and geographic reasons.这句话可以看出，选项 C 是完全正确的。

　2. For example, in the United States, although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, it is evident in education. 这句话中，evident意思是“明显的”，所以我们可以分析出在美国肤色和教育的不平等有关系，而且此句还表示肤色与其他方面的不平等有关联，所以选 C 选项。

　3. 根据 Dr. Smith 最后一段话里的 Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays. 这一句，可以判断教育的不公平存在于每一个国家，所以正确选项是 C。

　4. 从 Dr. Smith 的回答中，我们可以了解到“每个国家都存在着教育不公平现象，而且解决这个问题是很难的”。

　从这个回答，我们可以根据上下文猜出eradicate 的意思。get rid of 意思是“消除”，cope with 是“处理，应付”，carry out 意思是“实施”，set up 是“建立”，所以选 A。

　5. 最后一段的主要意思是 “虽然每个国家都存在教育不公平现象，但是大家都在试图改革”， Dr. Smith 对未来的教育公平还是持有积极的态度的。reserved意思是“保留的”，positive 意思是“积极的”，negative 意思的“消极的”，interested 意思是“感兴趣的”，所以应该选 B。

　 二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　排序题

　A. For many students B. a major barrier C. equality in access to education D. different people E. non- - traditional students

　 The National Union of Students (NUS) welcomes the news that greater numbers of black and disabled students are studying at UK universities, but there is still a lot of work to be done on widening access, writes the union"s president, Gemma Tumelty.

　 A recent Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) equalities review showed that significant numbers of potential students felt their disability was 回答 to accessing higher education (HE). This is simply unacceptable.

　Equality and diversity is not entirely a “numbers game” and before too much praise is given we need to hear more from 回答 , not just about their experience of accessing higher education but also going through the system.

　 Equality in society is absolutely, and fundamentally, linked to 回答

　 回答 , university is the place where they will be first exposed to different cultures and 回答 . As well as fighting for better access, the NUS wants to see diversity properly valued and promoted within the student experience. Many pay lip service to the value of diversity, but is this recognized and promoted as a core asset to those who go through the HE system?

　 Equality in society can be promoted by equality and diversity at university. But the benefits of university as a positive, diverse environment must be seen by students as adding “value” as much as any

　other factors before the numbers game is really won by the champions of diversity. 反馈

　答案：1. B 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. D 解析：

　1. 从第二段 significant numbers of potential students felt their disability was 这句话，我们可以看出这些潜在的学生对他们的 disability 有些担忧，所以可以猜到他们认为能力缺乏阻碍了他们，barrier 的意思是“障碍”，因此选择 B。

　2.这里表示要听取某人的意见，可以从五个选项中找到表示某人的词语non-traditional students，所以选择 E。

　3. equality in society 做主语，而且后面提到它和某事物相联系，所以可以猜测到 equality in access to education 与它有关联，因此选 C。

　4. 空格为一个句子的开头，因此必然要用首字母大写。因此选择 A 项。

　5. 此句中的 and 表示并列，前面用到 different cultures ，后面应该选择different people，从意思和用词上都一致，因此选择 D。

　二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　选择题

　 It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy, sweating, “skinny” members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig. It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. Who wants to put up with that?

　 Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group. Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering (迎合) to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the “skinny” people are not allowed.

　 There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate.

　Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌). They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.

　 Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image. The equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors, and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.

　Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future. The idea is a very simple and potentially popular one. If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise more and improve our fitness level, it"s a step in the right direction.

　 1. The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 回答

　 A. fat

　 B. healthy

　 C. friendly

　 2. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that 回答.

　 A. most large gym chains really don"t want members to show up frequently

　 B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry

　 C. regular gyms don"t accept overweight people to participate in their programs

　 3. What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members?回答

　 A. To achieve functional fitness.

　B. To build six-pack abs.

　 C. To look like a fitness model.

　 4. As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?回答

　 A. The machines are designed for larger people.

　 B. Tinted windows are used to ensure extra privacy.

　 C. There are large mirrors on the walls.

　 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?回答

　A. Improving Women"s Self-confidence through Exercises.

　 B. The traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers.

　 C. Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People. 反馈

　参考答案：ABACC 1. 【答案】A 【考点】指代题 【详解】首先定位 zaftig 一词在文章第一段的位置，然后再结合该句，看该句的前一句 notice all the healthy, sweating, “skinny” members.注意到所有的人都是健康、汗流浃背、很瘦的人。Zaftig（丰满的）应该与这些单词的句意相反, 所以可以猜出该词与身体状况有关，而且是个贬义词。与选项中 fat（胖的）意思最为接近。故 B 为正确答案。

　2. 【答案】B 【考点】推理题 【详解】文章前二段的第一句分别为 It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude. 即健身房让过度肥胖的人感到沮丧。和 Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising 很多人对于身体的肥胖自我意识很强，所以往往与参加健身训练班的人格格不入。这两句分别代表了前两段的主旨，而选项 B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry 句意为：过度肥胖的人通常感到沮丧和被传统健身业所拒之门外。故 B为正确答案。

　3. 【答案】A 【考点】细节推理题 【详解】首先在题干中找到关键词，training goal 训练目标。然后对应在文章第四段找到第一次出现的 goal 一词，Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌). 你甚至不用知道 functional fitness（功能性健身）一词到底指什么，也能明白选项 A 正好可以与这句话对应上。故 A 为正确答案。

　4. 【答案】C 【考点】细节判断题

　【详解】从题干中可以得知，该题是反向选择，即选出不正确的说法。从倒数第二段中，我们可以得知，特殊的健身房为了降低过度肥胖者健身时的焦虑，采取了一系列措施，The equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors, and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.即健身设备特意加大号，不放镜子，用有色窗户保护隐私等。显然 C 选项说在墙上有大镜子是不对的。故 C 是正确答案。

　5. 【答案】C 【考点】主旨题 【详解】A 选项是说，通过锻炼提高妇女的自信。B 选项是说，传统的健身业正在失去它的顾客。C 选项是说，为过度肥胖的人群专门设计的健身房。而通篇的关键词是 overweight 和 gym, 故 C 是正确答案。

　第四单元

　一、选 择填空，从 A A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题 题 10 分）

　题目 1 1

　— Sam, this is my friend, Jane. — _________________. 正确答案是：Glad to meet you, Jane 题目 2 2 — I"ve got a bad cold today. — _________________.

　 正确答案是：Oh, dear! I hope you get better soon 题目 3 3

　Neither John

　his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.

　 译文：约翰和他父亲都没能早点起来赶上早班火车。

　正确答案是：nor

　题目 4 4

　I was giving a talk to a large group of people，the same talk I ___to half a dozen other groups before.

　 译文：我给一个大团体进行讲座，同样的讲座之前我给其他一些团体讲过。

　正确答案是：had given 题目 5 5 Today"s weather is _____worse than yesterday"s.

　 译文：今天的天气比昨天差多了。

　正确答案是：much

　题目 1 1 — What"s the matter with you? — _________________.

　 正确答案是：I feel a bit sick 题目 2 2 — Could I talk to Prof. Lee? — _________________.

　 正确答案是：Yes, speaking 题目 3 3 Jane"s dress is similar in design

　her sister"s.

　 译文：简的裙子和她妹妹的在设计上很相似。

　正确答案是：to 题目 4 4

　With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.

　 译文：经理完成了工作，走回他的座位，为自己是个实干家感到满意。

　正确答案是：that

　题目 5 5

　The new order means _____ overtime.

　 译文：新的定单意味着要加班。

　正确答案是：working

　 题目 1 1 — Can you tell me where I can park the car? — _________________.

　 正确答案是：Well, just over there 题目 2 2 — Could I talk to Prof. Lee? — _________________.

　 正确答案是：Yes, speaking 题目 3 3

　The atmosphere

　certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.

　 译文：大气是由多种气体以一定的比例混合而成的。

　正确答案是：consists of 题目 4 4 It is said that _____ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.

　 译文：据说我们学校只有一小部分男孩在课余时间喜欢踢足球，虽然其他的喜欢打篮球。

　正确答案是：quite a few 题目 5 5 Today"s weather is _____worse than yesterday"s.

　 译文：今天的天气比昨天差多了。

　正确答案是：much

　 题目 目 3 3 She has two best friends. _____of them is in the country.

　 译文：她有两个最好的朋友，但都不在国内。

　正确答案是：Neither

　二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　排序题 A. even without international links B. Chinese stude nts and academics C. the crisis on economic growth D. A strong research system E. in part because of this

　Education and academic quality can mean different things to different people, depending on their perspective, role and context and, 回答 , quality is notoriously difficult to evaluate. The question of how to do this has been pursued for many years.

　 Nevertheless, the goal of improving educational quality is agreed by all and stimulated further by the recent worldwide economic downturn and the need to counteract the impact of 回答 and prepare for economic recovery.

　 As the World Bank and UNESCO said 10 years ago: “The quality of knowledge generated within higher education institutions, and its availability to the wider economy, is becoming increasingly critical to national competitiveness.” They also rightly emphasized that “回答 at the national level opens up the possibility that substantial additional public benefits can be realized through international links.”

　 This is precisely why 回答

　should contribute to these global benefits, reforming and improving evaluation systems for educational and academic quality. Original and good research, especially in science, economics and social sciences, has a trickle-down effect on society. And it offers additional benefits 回答 , though international collaboration and exchange of the best evaluation policy and practice can bring substantial advantages to all partners in relation to lessons learned elsewhere. 反馈

　答案：1. E 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　正误判断题

　Liu Hui and Molly are discussing the issue of educational quality at a workshop. Liu Hui: Hi, Molly. Today"s topic is educational quality. First, what does educational quality mean to you? Molly: As far as I"m concerned, quality education means good learning standards in educational institutions. So, educational quality ensures a desirable outcome for learners. Liu Hui: Sounds like after some serious thinking. However, many definitions of quality in education exist, testifying to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the concept. Molly: Definitely, establishing a contextualized understanding of quality means including relevant stakeholders. Key stakeholders often hold different views and meanings of educational quality. Liu Hui: There are many prestigious universities in the US. They all provide high-quality education. But some universities aren"t known for their quality. It"s hard to imagine the gap.

　Molly: Yes, in the US the quality in higher education is quite mixed. Universities like Harvard, Yale, MIT, etc., you know, are well-known all over the world. However, there are some institutions providing poor education, so called “diploma mills”.

　Liu Hui: In China, we have similar issues in educational quality. Some universities pay more attention to profits instead of quality.

　Molly: How to improve educational quality is an international issue. But, solutions are grounded in values, cultures and traditions and may be specific to a given nation as well. 1. Molly thinks that educational quality ensures a satisfactory outcome for learners.回答 2. Liu Hui disagrees with Molly on the meaning of education quality.回答 3. All universities in the U.S. offer high-quality education.回答 4. Diploma mills cannot provide high-quality education.回答 5. In China, there isn"t any diploma mill.回答 反馈

　答案：1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F 二、阅读理解：选择题（每题 0 10 分）

　选择题

　 Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula（配方奶粉）.

　 “Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, ” says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.

　 Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby"s health. This is especially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who"s breast-fed. In the U.S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby"s IQ（智商）by a few points. But a recent study with siblings（兄弟姐妹）found little advantage to breast-feeding.

　Horta says these previous studies didn"t follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.

　 When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.

　 1. From the passage, we learn that Horta 回答

　 A. is from Brazil

　 B. conducts his research in the U.S.

　 C. has 30 researchers on his team

　 2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned?回答

　 A. They stayed longer in school

　 B. They were happier

　 C. They were smarter

　 3. Which of the following is TRUE?回答

　 A. Doctors don"t understand the benefits of breast-feeding.

　 B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.

　 C. Horta"s research project lasted about 30 years

　 4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to 回答

　 A. finished

　 B. interested

　 C. polluted

　 5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?回答

　 A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding

　 B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula

　 C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success

　反馈

　参考答案：1~5 ABCCC