初中英语之连词.doc

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　连词 一、 并列连词：

　（一）连词的概念：

　连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括 并列连词和 从属连词。

　（二）

　并列 连词的 分类：

　：

　表示意思转折的连词 But, yet, however

　表示因果关系的连词 For, so, therefore

　 其他并列连词 And, or, either…or, neither…nor

　not only…but also, both…and, as well as 例句：Slow but sure.

　要慢而稳。

　 She’ll be back either this week or next week.

　她将在这周或下周回来。

　I went and she went also.

　我去了，她也去了。

　（三）并列连词的用法：

　1、 并列连词 and 和 or：

　①and 和 or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：

　a. 两个并列的动词：

　We were singing and dancing all evening.

　整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。

　b. 名词、形容词等：

　This apple is big and red.

　 Would you like fish or beef?

　 c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：

　 I said it and I meant it.

　我说话算数。

　②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。

　Give him an inch and he will take a mile.

　他会得寸进尺。

　③or 可连接分句，表示“否则”：

　Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.

　别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。

　2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet: ①but 和 yet 的用法：

　 The weather will be sunny but cold.

　天气会晴朗但很冷。

　 It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。

　②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”。

　a. however:

　 His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。

　b. still:

　It’s raining; still I’d like to go.

　 天在下雨，但我还是要去。

　③词组 all the same: She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.

　 她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。

　3、表示因果的连词：

　① for 可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。

　 The days were short, for it was now December.

　 白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。

　 She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast. 她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。

　② so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。

　Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.

　我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车 ③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：

　He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。

　4、both... and 的用法

　A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。

　【难点】

　5、就近原则：

　1）neither…nor…

　Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.

　2）not only…but also…

　 Not only you but also he likes football.

　3）either…or…

　Either Jim or Peter is right.

　4）not…but…

　Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.

　6、as well as 的用法:

　 I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.

　我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。

　 【基础练习】

　（一）用 根据句意选用 and, but, or, so, while, for 填空。

　1. The ground is wet, _________ it rained last night. 2. It"s a fine day today, _________ everyone is busy. 3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don"t know all your names. 4. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you"ll get wet. 5. Do you understand what I said _________ do you want me to explain it again? 6. We have classes in the morning, _________ we don"t have classes in the afternoon. 7. She is a doctor _________ I am a teacher. 8. Use your head, _________ you"ll find a way. 9. They went to the zoo yesterday, _________ they didn"t see any animals. 10. I must go now, _________ it"s getting dark. 11. Be careful, _________ you will fall off the tree. 12.—Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?

　 —I"m sorry, _________ there aren"t any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?

　13. Never give up, _________ you"ll make it. 14. She was very thirsty, _________ she drank some water from the river. 15. You must work hard, _________ you"ll fall behind. 16. The dress was very expensive, _________ I didn"t buy it. 17. My uncle doesn"t have much money,_________ he always enjoys himself. 18.—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

　 —I"d like to, _________ I"m busy. 12、Get up early tomorrow, _________ you won"t get there before seven.

　（二）

　选择最佳答案：

　(

　 ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.

　A. but

　B. or

　 C. and

　 D. not

　(

　 ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.

　A. or

　 B. and

　C. with

　D. nor

　(

　 ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we"ll be late for the film.

　A. and

　B. but

　 C. so

　 D. or

　(

　 ) 4 Be quick, ______ we"ll be late.

　A. and

　B. or

　C. but

　D. so

　(

　 ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn"t see any more monkeys.

　A. but

　B. so

　C. and

　 D. for

　(

　 ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.

　A. Neither; nor; are

　B. Either; nor; is

　C. Both; and; are

　D. Neither; or; is

　(

　 ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.

　A. either; or

　B. so; that

　C. neither; and

　D. both; and

　(

　 ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.

　A. Both; and; is

　B. So; and; is

　C. Either; or; is

　D. So; that; are

　(

　 ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.

　A. Either; or

　 B. Neither; nor

　C. So; that

　 D. Both; and

　(

　 ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.

　A. Not; but

　 B. Neither; nor

　 C. Both; and

　 D. Either; or

　(

　 ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_______ football.

　A. like

　 B. likes

　 C. enjoy

　 D. play

　(

　 ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_______ sent to the country.

　A. are

　 B. were

　 C. have

　 D. was

　(

　 ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates_______ interested in the new book.

　A. are

　B. were

　C. is

　D. have

　(

　 ) 14 ______ she ______ I knows his telephone number, because it has been changed.

　A. Both; and

　B. Either; or

　C. Not only; but also

　 D. Neither; nor

　(

　 ) 15 _______ Jack _______ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busy with their lessons.

　 A. Both; and

　B. Not only; but also

　C. Not; but

　D. Neither; nor

　(

　 ) 16 You may sit_______ this end_______ that end of the boat.

　 A. neither; nor

　 B. both; and

　 C. either; or

　 D. between; and

　(

　 ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _______ too big ________ too small.

　A. or; or

　 B. either; or

　 C. neither; nor

　 D. both; and

　(

　 ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_______ read_______ write.

　 A. not; but

　 B. not; and

　C. neither; nor

　 D. either; or

　(

　 ) 19 We should learn_______ from books._______ from workers and farmers.

　A. both; and

　 B. either; or

　C. neither; nor

　 D. as; as

　(

　 ) 20 We went_______ to the cinema, _______ to the park.

　A. did not; /

　 B. not; but

　 C. either; or

　D. both; and

　二、 从属连词：

　1．分类：

　从句种类 主要从属连词

　时间从句

　when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever

　条件从句

　if, unless

　 目的从句

　in order that, so that

　 结果从句

　so…that, such…that, so that, so

　原因从句

　because, as, since

　让步从句

　although, though, even though(if), while

　方式从句

　as if, as though

　地点从句

　where, wherever

　比较从句

　than, as [ [ 说明] ]that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。

　2．引导时间状语从句的连词( 重点)：

　when:

　Don’t get excited when you talk.

　讲话时别激动。

　while:

　We must strike while the iron is hot.

　我们要趁热打铁。

　as:

　 He smiled as he passed.

　他经过时笑了笑。

　before:

　It will be five years before we meet again.

　要五年后咱们才能再相见。

　after:

　 I’ll tell them after you leave.

　我将在你走后告诉他们。

　until, till:

　I propose waiting till the police get here.

　我建议等警察来了再说。

　since:

　 How long is it since you came to London?

　你到伦敦有多久了？ whenever:

　 Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。

　3．引导条件状语从句的连词( 重点)：

　1）条件状语从句主要由 if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：

　 if:

　 If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home.

　 unless:

　 I won’t write unless he writes first.

　我不写信，除非他先给我写。

　2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：(难 难点 点) You will always have a home as long as I have anything.

　只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。

　4．引导目的状语从句的连词：

　（重点）

　in order that:

　I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday.

　我借给他 50 英镑，使他能去度假。

　so that:

　 Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them. 让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。

　5．引导结果状语从句的连词：

　1）结果状语从句主要由 so…that 和 such…that 引导：

　 so…that:

　 He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door.

　 他胖得连门都过不去了。

　 such…that:

　 Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.

　吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。

　 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 6．引导原因状语从句的连词：

　because:

　 Because it rained he took a taxi.

　由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。

　as:

　As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.

　既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。

　Since:

　 Since you will go there, I will go too. 7．让步状语从句的连词：

　although / though:

　 Though / Although it is not large, the room was light .

　房间虽然不大，采光却很好。

　even if:

　They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。

　8．引导方式状语从句的连词 as:

　You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。

　like:

　 She can’t draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。

　as if / as though:

　 He looked about as if looking for something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。

　9．引导地点状语从句的连词：

　（难点）

　where:

　 I’ll drive you where you’re going.

　你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。

　wherever:

　We’ll go wherever you say.

　你说哪里我们就到哪里。

　everywhere:

　 Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion.

　不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。

　no matter where:

　Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are.

　不管在哪里你都要带着手机。

　10．引导比较状语从句的连词：

　than:

　 You sing better than I do.

　你的歌唱的比我好。

　as:

　 That’s not so simple as it sounds.

　那事并不像听起来那么简单。

　11． 引导其他从句的连词：

　1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有 that 和 whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：

　that:

　She always complains that he is down on her.

　她老是抱怨他看不起她。

　whether:

　 I don’t know whether you like flowers.

　我不知道你喜不喜欢花。

　2）that 和 whether 还可以引导表语从句：

　that:

　The fact is that ...