译林牛津版英语九年级下学期定语从句&反义疑问句专题教案

时间：2021-05-10 20:07:34 来源：蒲公英阅读网 本文已影响人

相关热词搜索：牛津 疑问句 从句

　 课程主题：定语从句& 反义疑问句

　教学内容

　知识点一

　非限制性定语从句

　（ 一 ）、 定语从句的种类：

　1 、限制性定语从句 She has found the necklace that she lost 2 years ago. 她找到了两年前丢失的项链。(限制性定语从句) This is the man who came to see you yesterday.这就是昨天来看你的那个人。(限制性定语从句) It happened at the time when I left the office. 这件事发生在我离开办公室的时候。

　2 、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清用 楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 来引导。

　Yesterday, I met Li Ping, who seemed to be busy. 昨天我遇见了李平，他好像很忙。(非限制性定语从句) In Britain, which has a population of 55. 8 million, 110,000 people die from smoking each year.

　英国有 5580万人口，每年有 11 万人口死于吸烟。(非限制性定语从句) Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in Washington, D. C. 领导美国人民经历了这些年的亚伯拉罕·林肯 1865年 4月 14 日在华盛顿的一家戏院被枪 X。(非限制性定语从句) 3 、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 （ （1 ）形式上不同 非限制性定语从句在书写时往往用逗号和主句分开，而限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开。

　Last night I saw a very good film，which was about the Long March. 昨晚我看了一场好电影，这部电影是关于长征的故事。

　The man whom I met in the street was a driver.我在街上遇到的那个人是个司机。

　（ （2 ）可否省略的不同 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，而非限制性定语从句是对先行词作的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。

　I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我办公室中唯一受邀之人。

　They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. 他们想建立自己的国家，在那里他们可以随意地把黑人当奴隶。

　（ （3 ）关系代词的不同 用 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 代替 who ，whom和 和 which ，并且关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略，但在限制性定语从句中却恰恰相反。

　This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过得最好的电影。

　She sang a new song, which we liked very much.她唱了一首新歌，我们都喜欢这首歌。

　4 、as 与 与 which 在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别

　 as 和 和 which 作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，但它们在用法上有区别。

　（ （1 ）相同之处 当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时，as 和 和 which 可以互换。

　The elephant is like a snake, as/which everybody can see.热和人都看得出，这头大象像条蛇。

　He is an Englishman, as/which I know from his accent.他是一个英国人，那时我从他的口音上知道的。

　A big earthquake occurred in the west part of Japan last night, as/which was reported on TV. 据电视报道，昨天夜里日本西部地区发生了大地震。

　（ （2 ）不同之处 ① ①as 引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后，而 which 引 引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能谓语主句之前。

　Robert is good at languages, as we all know. 罗伯特擅长学语言，这我们都知道。

　As is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.

　都知道,再过二十到三十年，中国将成为一个强大先进的国家。

　He changed his mind, which made

　me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。

　As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. 正如上文提到的，高中学生的人数在不断增加。

　As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month． 大家都知道，月亮每月绕地球一周。

　Air, as we know, is a gas.我们知道，空气是一种气体。

　He is very careful, as his work shows.他的工作表现表明他非常谨慎。

　② ②as 引导限制性定语从句通常构成 such...as 或 或 the same...as 固定搭配，as 在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。

　 I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。(作宾语) Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作表语) Don’t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand. 不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。

　注意：the same…as…

　vs

　the same…that…

　 指代相似的人或物

　 指同一人或物

　This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?

　This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.

　such…as…

　 vs

　such…that…

　It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.

　It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.

　区别:

　as 引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.

　that 引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.

　③ ③ 当 当 which 在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用 as 代替 which 。

　The apple tree, which I planted last year, has not borne any fruit. 这棵苹果树是我去年种下的，还没有结出任何果实。

　The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive.我昨天买的那本书很有教育意义。

　④ 在从句中作主语时，which 既可作系动词 be 的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而 as 只可作系动词 be 的 的主语. He married her, which was natural. (可用 as 代替 which)他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

　He saw the girl, which delighted him.

　(不可用 as代替 which)他见到了那个女孩，这使他很高兴。

　He was late for class again, which made the teacher very angry.

　(不可用 as代替 which)他上课又迟到了，这使老师很生气。

　【例题】

　1.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with

　 B. with whom I went

　 C. with who I went

　D. I went with him 2. It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.

　A. they both

　 B. which both

　 C. both of them

　 D. both of which 3.The picture _______he paid 2,000 dollars was drawn by a famous painter.

　A. which

　B. to which

　 C. on which

　D. for which 4. .Alec asked the policeman

　he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him

　 B. who

　C. with whom

　D. whom

　5. The comrade I share the room________is a young teacher fresh from college.

　A.with him

　 B.with whom

　 C.with

　 D.in 答案：

　BDDCC

　6. The bread my wife makes is much better than _______________ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 7. There is no such place ________________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as 8. The people, _______________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 9. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _____________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which 10. Is this research center ______________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 答案：ADBDD

　 知识点二

　反义疑问句

　一、

　什么是反义疑问句? 1.反意疑问句是一种礼貌用语，常用在闲聊中，说话人对自己的陈述还没有十分的把握，需要征求对方的同意或肯定，印证所陈述之事。

　2. 反义疑问句出现在陈述句后面。

　二、

　反义疑问句的种类和结构 （ （1）

　）

　结构 be 动词/ 助动词 + 主语

　 （2 ）

　种类 1.“前肯后否型” 例 1：He is a student, isn’t he? 他是个学生，是吗？ 回答：Yes, he is. (是的，他是) /

　No, he isn’t.

　(不，他不是) 例 2：She likes apples, doesn’t she? 她喜欢苹果不是吗？ 回答：Yes, she does. (是的，她喜欢) / No, she doesn’t. (不，她喜欢) 2. “前否后肯型” 例 1：He isn’t a student, is he? (他不是一个学生，是吗？) 回答：Yes, he is. (不，他是) / No. he isn’t. (对，他不是) 例 2：She doesn’t like apples, does she? (她不喜欢苹果，是吗？) 回答：Yes, she does. (不，她喜欢) / No, she doesn’t. (是，她不喜欢)

　三、时态

　和陈述句的时态一致

　 例：His sister had a bad cough, didn’t she?

　 练：His sister has a bad cough,

　she? 答案：doesn’t she

　四、 反意疑问句构成上的主谓一致原则

　1. 简略问句中的主语须是人称代词，且应和陈述句中的主语相一致。

　① 陈述部分为 be (充当系动词或助动词)时，简略问句中用相应形式的 be (am, is are, was, were)。如：

　I’m not late, ________________?

　 They’re playing soccer on the playground, ________________?

　 答案：am I ；

　aren’t they ② 陈述部分含有情态动词或者助动词时，简略疑问部分该情态动词或助动词的相应形式。如：

　 You could swim five years ago, ________________?

　He has been learning English for four years, ________________?

　 We don’t go to work on Sundays, ________________?

　答案：

　couldn’t you ；hasn’t he ； ；do we ③ 陈述部分没有 be 动词、情态动词或者助动词时，简略疑问部分须依据人称、数以及时态而使用助动词 do, does或者 did。如：

　Neither of them complained, ________________?

　 You always stay up late every night, ________________?

　This picture looks very nice, ________________?

　 答案：did they ； don’t you ；isn’t it

　 2. 简略的 否定问句中的 not 一般要和 be 、情、助等加以缩略。如：

　 She’s a computer programmer, ________________?

　 You ride to school every day, ________________?

　答案：isn’t she； ；don’t you

　 3. 简略问句中的主语须是人称代词，且应和陈述句中的主语相一致。

　① 陈述部分的主语为 something, anything, everything, nothing 等表示事物的复合不定代词时，简略疑问部分的主语用 it。如：

　Nothing happened, ________________?

　 答案：

　didn’t it ② 陈述部分的主语为 someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等表示人的复合不定代词时，简略疑问部分的主语通常用 they(强调全部)，有时也会用 he(强调个体)。如：

　Everyone will come, ________________?

　 No one knows the answer, ________________?

　答案：

　 won’t they ；does he ③ 陈述部分的主语为指示代词时，疑问部分的主语用 it(单数)或 they（复数）。如：

　 This is his book, ________________?

　 Those aren’t cats, ________________?

　 答案：doesn’t it； ； are they

　④ 非谓语动词及从句做主语时，疑问部分的主语用 it。如：

　 Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes, ________________?

　To do a good deed isn’t difficult, ________________?

　 What he said is true, ________________?

　答案：isn’t it； ；is it ；isn’t it ⑤ 陈述部分由 neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定，用we/you/they。

　如：

　Neither you nor I am engineer, ________________?

　 Either you or he went shopping, ________________? 答案：are we ；did you ⑥ 当陈述部分的主语是不定代词 one 时，疑问部分的主语用 one或 you。如：

　 One can’t remember everything, ________________?

　答案：can you/one

　 ⑦ 若陈述部分的主语是“the +形容词”表一类人时，疑问部分的主语用 they代替；若是表某一抽象概念时，疑问部分的主语用...